ZOOLOGY, 
1. Ihe Natural History of Vertebrate Animals, with 
special reference to behavior and evolution—The course 
deals chiefly with fishes, amphibians, and reptiles, but not 
with birds (see Course 3), and only incidentally with 
mammals. As far as possible the forms occurring in 
the region are collected and identified and their habits 
studied in the field and laboratory. Students thus learn 
to recognize many of the native vertebrates at sight. 
In the field special attention is given to methods of work. 
The exact methods of the laboratory are applied to the 
observation of animal habits and to the making of field 
records. ‘The records made in the field form the basis 
of written reports, reading is required, and conferences 
are held for the discussion of the relation of the obser- 
vations to the general problems of animal behavior, evo- 
lution, and taxonomy. 
An attempt is made to give to teachers and others a 
certain measure of intimacy with living animals out of 
doors. At the same time precise methods of observa- 
tion, record, and interpretation are utilized for scientific 
ends. ‘Two half days of field or laboratory work and 
one conference weekly. Two hours credit. Dr. ELus. 
2. The Natural History of Invertebrate Animals.— 
The protozoans, sponges, coelenterates, rotifers, bryo- 
zoans, worms, crustaceans, and molluscs of the region 
are studied. Both aquatic and terrestial invertebrate ani- 
mals are collected and identified, so that students will 
gain a general familiarity with them and learn to recog- 
nize the common species at sight. Especial attention is 
given to exact methods of field observations and to the 
making of field records. The principles of fresh water 
biology are studied, and practice is given in the use of 
such apparatus as plankton pumps and nets, the thermo- 
phone, thermometer and turbidimeter. The field work 
is supplemented by a more detailed examination of ani- 
