Biological Station 15 



learned, and the general principles of the classification of plants are 

 presented. There is excellent opportunity for the collection and prep- 

 aration of material for the herbarium. Students who complete this 

 course successfully should be able to identify readily the native flora 

 in any section of the country. 



Tuesday. Two hours credit. Dr. Ehlers. 



Prerequisite : Botany 102 at the station or a course in elementary 

 collegiate botany. 



This course gives one hour of credit to graduate students. Stu- 

 dents wishing two hours of graduate credit must perform additional 

 work and will register for Course 104^. 



106. Ecology. — This course serves as a general introduction to 

 ecological field work and the methods of ecological research, with 

 particular reference to the study of plant associations. Practice is 

 given in the recognition of associations, the determination and de- 

 scription of their structure and successful relations, and the measure- 

 ment of some environmental factors. Particular attention is given 

 to the dynamic factors of the environment, to their effect on the 

 present structure and future development of the plant community, 

 and to the role of the individual plant in promoting or retarding 

 the effects. Because of the large number of associations in the 

 region, it is impossible to study more than the most important ones. 

 These include the aspen association, the hardwood forest, the tama- 

 rack and sphagnum bog, the arbor-vitse bog, and the sand dunes, 

 lagoons, and beaches along the lake shore. 



Wednesday and Friday. Four hours credit. Assistant Professor 

 Gates. 



Prerequisite : Elementary collegiate botany, but it is recommend- 

 ed that the student have had systematic botany and plant anatomy. 



This course gives two hours credit to graduate students, who 

 may receive full credit by registration in Course io6j. 



108. Plant Anatomy. — The general facts and principles of plant 

 anatomy are presented by means of material collected and prepared 

 by each student individually. Students thus have practice in the 

 preservation of material, methods of fixation, section cutting, and 

 staining. Every facility will be given for the collection and pres- 

 ervation of material for use in teaching or in research. The topics 

 chiefly considered are the anatomy and secondary thickening of the 

 stem and the structure of the root and the foliage leaf. The modifi- 

 cations of the structure of the leaf in different environments will be 

 considered. 



Monday. Two hours credit. Dr. Quick. 



Prerequisite : Elementary collegiate botany. 



This course gives one hour credit to graduate students. Stu- 

 dents wishing two hours of graduate credit must perform additional 

 work and will register for Course io8<2. 



