Biological Station 15 



Tuesday. Two hours credit. Dr. Eiilers. 



Prerequisite : A course in elementary collegiate botany. 



This course gives one hour of credit to graduate students. Stu- 

 dents wishing two hours of graduate credit must perform additional 

 work and will register for Course 104^. 



106. Ecology. — This course serves as a general introduction to 

 ecological field work and the methods of ecological research, with 

 particular reference to the study of plant associations. Practice is 

 given in the recognition of associations, the determination and de- 

 scription of their structure and successful relations, and the measure- 

 ment of some environmental factors. Particular attention is given 

 to the dynamic factors of the environment, to their effect on the 

 present structure and future development of the plant community, 

 and to the xole of the individual plant in promoting or retarding 

 the effects. Because of the large number of associations in the 

 region, it is impossible to study more than the most important ones. 

 These include the aspen association, the hardwood forest, the tama- 

 rack and sphagnum bog, the arbor-vitae bog, and the sand dunes, 

 lagoons, and beaches along the lake shore. 



Wednesday and Friday. Four hours credit. Assistant Professor 

 Gates. 



Prerequisites : Elementary collegiate botany, systematic botany 

 and plant anatomy. 



The student is permitted to take one of the latter courses simul- 

 taneously with ecology. 



This course gives full credit to graduate students, who should 

 register in Course io6<2. 



108. Pi ant Anatomy. — The various tissues and organs of the 

 higher plants are studied with respect to their structure, development, 

 and functions, part'cular attention being given to the anatomy ana 

 developmental relations of herbaceous and woody stems and to modi- 

 fications in leaf structure which are correlated with differences in 

 environment. So far as possible, material collected by the indi- 

 vidual student will be used, and practice in sectioning and staining 

 will constitute fin important phase of the laboratory work. 



Monday. Two hours credit. Assistant Professor Nichols. 



Prerequisite: Elementary collegiate botany. 



This course gives one hour credit to graduate students. Stu- 

 dents wishing two hours of graduate credit must perform additional 

 work and will register for Course io&z. 



no. Advanced Systematic Botany. — In the field the student 

 will have practice in the identification and recognition of plants be- 

 longing to the more difficult groups, including grasses, sedges, pond- 

 weeds, and others, and in the identification of plants from fruit or 

 leaf characters only. The characteristics of these families will be 

 presented both in the field and by lecture. The lectures will also 

 consider the evolution and relationships of the angiosperms, the rules 

 of botanical nomenclature, and the present trend of systematic botany. 



