Caves and their Faunas in Florida and South Georgia 61 



sites are associated with the Miami oolite. Parker and Cook (1944) 

 indicated that since so much of the Miami oolite is occupied by solution 

 holes it is highly permeable in a vertical direction and is a good aquifer 

 that furnishes supplies to many small wells. However, they report it to 

 have a low horizontal permeability which theoretically might restrict 

 the dispersal of larger troglobites. This fauna is currently known from 

 only two sites, and it should be searched for elsewhere in suitable 

 groundwater habitats in Dade County. The Miami Fauna is associated 

 with the Biscayne aquifer, unlike cave faunas in north Florida and 

 south Georgia that occur in the Floridan aquifer. 



FAUNAL RELATIONSHIPS 



Cave crayfishes are the best indicators of faunal relationships 

 because the other Florida troglobites either have very limited distributions 

 or range over at least three faunal areas. Troglobitic crayfishes are 

 found in all but the Econfina Creek Fauna. 



Six crayfish lineages are involved: (1) Cambarus (subgenus 

 Jugicambarus) represented by Cambarus cryptodytes restricted to the 

 Apalachicola Fauna; (2) Procambarus (subgenus Leconticambarus), 

 by Procambarus milleri, Miami Fauna; (3) Procambarus (subgenus 

 Lonnbergius), by Procambarus acherontis and P. morrisi, St. Johns 

 River Fauna; (4) Procambarus (subgenus Ortmannicus, Pictus Group, 

 lucifugus complex), by Procambarus erythrops, P. franzi, P. leitheuseri, 

 P. lucifugus lucifugus, P. lucifugus alachua, P. lucifugus intergrade 

 populations, Ocala Fauna; (5) Procambarus (subgenus Ortmannicus, 

 Pictus Group, pallidus complex), by Procambarus horsti, P. orcinus, 

 P. pallidus, Woodville and Ocala faunas; and (6) Procambarus (sub- 

 genus Ortmannicus, Seminolae Group) and Troglocambarus, by Pro- 

 cambarus attiguus, P. delicatus, Troglocambarus maclanei, and 

 Troglocambarus sp., St. Johns River and Ocala faunas. 



Lineages 1-4 — The first four lineages have restricted distributions 

 and therefore provide little information concerning the relationships 

 between faunal groups. 



Lineage 5 — The pallidus complex occurs in both the Woodville 

 Fauna and the Upper Suwannee Assemblage of the Ocala Fauna. As a 

 group, they are thought to have had a common ancestor, one similar 

 in morphology to the extant Procambarus leptodactylus, which now 

 occurs in streams north of Florida (Hobbs 1958, Franz and Lee 1982, 

 Hobbs and Franz 1986). The distribution of the pallidus complex cor- 

 responds to the western slope of the old Northern Highlands described 

 by White (1970) and is associated with Eocene limestone areas along 

 the Cody Scarp (Fig. 6). Troglobites have not been found in the intervening 



