The Chonaphini 117 



placidus, placed P. floridus var.? in synonymy under the latter, and 

 described L. borealis from Winona, Winona County, Minnesota. Ken- 

 yon (1893«, b) reported L. floridus, misspelled as ''floriaius'' in the 

 first work, from four towns in Nebraska, as did Gunthorp (1913) 

 from Jefferson County, Kansas, which Cragin (1885) previously re- 

 corded as P. floridus. Because these sites are well removed from the 

 range of S. placidus, Shelley (1989) concluded that the usages refer 

 to eurymerodesmids and placed the names in synonymy under species 

 of Eurymerodesmus. 



The first reference to a chonaphine in the present century was 

 by Carl (1903), who redescribed L. placidus. Cook (1904) erected 

 Chonaphe and assigned the new combination, C. armata, to a specimen 

 from an unspecified site in Washington. Chamberlin (1911) recorded 

 L. armatus from Madison, Washington, probably a misspelling of 

 Madson, Whitman County, a now non-existent community not far 

 from Viola, Latah County, Idaho. Chamberlin (1913) described L. 

 (C.) elrodi from Flathead Lake, Montana, and in a statement in an 

 introductory paragraph of a paper on an unrelated polydesmoid, he 

 (Chamberlin 1920) proposed Semionellus and designated L. placidus 

 as the type species. Apparently unaware of this action, Williams and 

 Hefner (1928) recorded L. placidus from Allen, Hardin, Wood, and 

 Seneca counties, Ohio. Attems (1938) published anatomical treat- 

 ments and illustrations of C. armata, ''Trichomorpha" placida, and 

 ''Amphelictogon" elrodi, but his (Attems 1931) account and illustrations 

 of C. armata from a farm near Olympia, Thurston County, Washington, 

 clearly refer to C. remissa, described by Chamberlin (1949). Consequent- 

 ly, his 1938 treatment of C. armata is really of both congeners. 



After Verhoeff (1941) erected the Chonaphinae, Chamberlin (1946) 

 described C. michigana, from Midland County, Michigan, and two 

 years later (Chamberlin 1948), transferred this species to Semionellus. 

 In the latter paper, he also described and illustrated S. tertius, from 

 Kerrville, Kerr County, Texas, and in the previous year, he (Chamberlin 

 1947) recorded S. placidus from Garrett County, Maryland. Chamberlin 

 (1949) transferred L. (C.) elrodi into the new genus, Montaphe, and 

 described three new species of Chonaphe: C. cygneia, from White 

 Swan, Yakima County, Washington; C. patriotica, from Fourth of 

 July Canyon, Kootenai County, Idaho; and C. remissa, from Puyallup, 

 Pierce County, Washington. Chamberlin (1951) recorded S. placidus 

 from Fort Benning, Chattahoochee/Muscogee counties, Georgia, a mis- 

 identification of the introduced paradoxosomatid Oxidus gracilis (Koch), 

 as noted by Shelley (1990). Causey (1952) recorded Trichomorpha 

 placida from Dane and Milwaukee counties, Wisconsin, and a cave in 



