of Plinies Naturall Hiftorie. Alt 
Cuap. v. 
eg Divers biftoricall obfervations touching this point. 
Oreover, Earthquakes, as they difcover fometimes new fprings and fources of water, {6 
otherwhiles they {wallow them up that they areno more feene : like as it hapned (asit is 
well knowne) five times aboutthe river Pheneus in Arcadia. And in manner above-faid, 
there iffued forth a river out of the mountaine Corycus; fo foone as the paifants of the countrey - 
began tobreake it up for tillage. Butto returne againe to the chaunge and alteration of waters : 
wonderfull they muft needs be (no doubt)when there is noevident caufe thereof ta be known : as 
namely in Magnefia, whereall the hote waters of the bainesfodainly became cold, without any 
otherchaunge befides of the taft : alfo in Caria,where ftandeth the temple of Neptuze, the river 
which was known before to be fre(h and potable,all on a fodaine turned into falt water.Over and 
befides,is not this a {traunge miracle,that the fountain Arcthufain Syracufe, fhould havea fent 
_ or{mellofdung,during the folemne games and exercifes at Olympia? But there isfome proba- 
ble reafon to be rendred hereof, Becaufe the river Alpheus paffeth from Olympus under the ve- 
rie-bottom of thefea into that Ifland [of Sicilie] where Syracufe ftandeth, and {fo commeth to 
the forefaid fountain. The Rhodians have a fountain within their*C herfonefe which every ninth * 4. their de- 
“yeer purgeth it felfe and fendeth out an infinir deale of ordure and filthinefle.Andas the taftand ™y Wand: 0: 
{nell of waters do alter, fo their colours alfo doe chaunge:as for example, there isa lake in the sab ce 
countrey of Babylon,which everie fummer for the pace of eleven daies,looketh red: and Bory- pound seu 
fthenes alfoin fummer time, runneth with a blewifh colour like * violets, or the skiesand yet a Oicly charie 
moft pure and fubtile water it is ofall other: which isthe reafon, that it fwimmeth aloft & floteth hath ene bank 
naturally upon Hypanis the river. In which two tivers, there is another marvaile reported, Thae ¢' 50" cau 
é : : monic. : d y leading ro 
_ allthewhilea Soucherne wind bloweth, theriver Hypanisis difcerned above it. Butthereis one thecontinents 
argument more befides,that proveththe water of Boryfthenes to be pafling light and thin, For “aris Ashens 
that there arife no mifts out of it;nay itis not perceived to yeeld any exhalation or breath atall 
‘from it. Toconclude,they that would feem to be curious and skilful in thefe matters, do obferve 
and affirme, That generally all waters growto be heavier after that mid-winter is once patt. 
% . 
Crary I, 
ese The manner of water-conduits, How and when thofe waters which naturally are mediciiaa- 
ble, ought tobe ufed, Alo for what difeafes it ts geod tofaile and take the aire of the 
Sea, T he vertues and properties of fex waters as touching Phyficke; 
F aman would conveigh water from any head of a {pring,the beft way is to ule pipes of earth 
made by potters art; and the fame ought to be two fingers thicke,and one jointed within ano- 
ther,fo.as theend of the upper pipes enter intothe neather, asatenon intoa mortaife, or asa 
box into the lid the fame ought to be united andlaid even,with quicklime quenched and diffol- 
ved inoile, The leaft level for tv carie and commaund water up hill from the receit; is one hun- 
dred foot; burif icbee conveighed but by one canell and no more, it may be forced to mount 
the {pace of two Actus, 7. 240 toot. As touching the pipes by means whereof the water is torife 
aloft,they ought to be of lead. Furthermore, thisis to be ob{erved, That the water afcend alwais 
of it felfe ac the deliveric,to the heigth of the head from whence it gave receit :if itbe fetcheda 
long way,the worke muft rife and fall often in the cariage thercof, thatthe levell may be maintai- 
ned till, As for the pipes, ten foot long apeece they would be, if you doe well. Now if the faid 
pipes of lead be but* five fingers in compafle, ordinarily they fhould weigh fixtie pound :* if * Quinarie? 
they beof eight fingers fize,they muftcarie the weight of one hundred pound :butin cafethey * ""#. 
beare around of* ten fingers, theirpoife would beat the leaft 120 pound; andfothe reft more * Denaries 
ot leflc according to this proportion. Thofe pipes be called properly in Latin Denarizethe web 
or Shicet whereof bearethten fingers in breadth, before it be turned in and brought to the com- 
pafle ofa pipe: like as Quinariz, when the fame is halfe fo broad. Moreover, this isto be obfer- 
ved, That in every turning and twining of an hill, the pipe ought of neceffitie to be five fingers 
round and no more, forto reprefle and breake the violence of the water in the currents Likewife 
the vaulted neads which receive and containe water from all the fources meeting togither,mutt 
; : Nnj be¢ 
