of Plinies Naturall Hiftorie. 531 
A. the Tyrian,Gztulian,or Lacedemonian notwithftanding from thence ther come the moftrich 
and pretious purples, The reafon is,becaufe the Tripoli in Putcoli is died moft with the juice of 
the Magaleb berries among, which yeeldeth the gallant red; and befides, 1s forced to drink the 
tin@ure of Madder, That rofet which is made at Canufium,is the worft of all other, and carieth 
the loweft price :a pound of rofercofteth ordinarily * 30 deniers Roman. Painters or complext- * fa fngsias 
oners,when they would counterfeit aluftre or glofie of vermillon,lay a ground firkt with Sandyx, ee ee 
and then charge rofet upon it with the white of anegg:butif they be defirous to make a purple" 
‘colour,the firft courfe or groundisazur,and ftraightwaies they come upon it with*rofetand the * our painters 
white ofan egg abovefaid. After this rich and lively rofat or purple-ted, Indico is:a colourmoft ini ther of 
efteemed : out of India it commeth; whereupon it tooke the name: and iris nothing els *bura *They fay ‘ma 
B flimiemud cleaving tothe foame that gatherethabout canesandreeds: whiles isis punned or made of Oad: 
ground, itlooketh blacke ; but being diffolved,it yeeldeth a woonderfull lovely mixture of pur- alee 
ple and azur, There isa fecond fore of it found fwimming upon the coppers or vats in purple diers whéccix com- 
worke-houfes ; and in trath nothing els bur the verie fome or fcumthat thepurple caftethupas re) Galior 
it boileth, in manner of a florey. Some there be that doe counterfeit and fophifticat Indico; fel- ~ 
ling in ftead thereof pigeons dung, Selinuftan earth; or Tripoli, diedand deeply coloured with 
the trueIndico :bur the proofe thereof is by fire; for caft the right Indico upon livecoles,it yeel- 
~ detha flame of moftexcellent purple, and while it fmoketh, the fume fenteth of the fea ; whichis 
the réafon that fome doc imagine it is gathered out of the rocks ftanding in the fea, Indico is va- 
lued at 20denarij thepound, In phyficke there is ufe of this Indico; for 1t doth afluage {wellings 
C thatdoe ftretch the skin: itreprefleth violent rheums and inflammations,and drieth ulcers, 
The land of Armenia doth furnith us with thecolour of Verd d'azur,and of that countey it is 
named Armenicus: a ftone itis that is likewife died before it can die,in manner of Borras orverd 
de terre: the belt is the greeneft, 8 yet withall ic doth participat the colour of azur; in which re+ 
gard,it may properly be called verdd/azur. In times paft a pound of it was held at 300 fefterces : 
but fince time that there was found in Spaine akind of fand that would take the like tin@tureand 
doeas well,the price hath been well abated, and is come downe to fix deniers. All the difference 
berweene this colour & azur,is this,For that it {tandeth more upon the white, which canfeth this 
colourto be lighter and and weaker. The only ufe that it hath in phyficke,is to nourifh hairs,and 
efpecially thofe ofthe eielids.Over and befides all thefecolours abovenamed, there be two more 
D newly come up,and thofe beare but a verie low price; to wit,the green called Appianum,and of- 
tentimes it is taken for Borras or verd deterre, asif there were not other things enough that did 
counterfeit and refemble it: made itis ofa certaine green chaulkie earth ; and is worth but everie 
pounda {efferce. The fecond new colour isa white,called Anulare, & tc is that which in womens 
pictures giveth a lightfome carnation white: this alfo is made of a kind of chaulk, & certain glaf- 
fie gems or bugles which the common fort ufe to weare in rings.& therupon itis called Annlare: 
Cuap. vii, 
e& What colours refufetobelaid upon [ome grounds with what colours they paintedin old 
time : andwhen the fight of Sword-feacers were firfl propofed to be feen at Rome; 
Fall colours, Rofet,Indico,A zur, Trip oli or Melinum,Orpiment,white Lead or Cerufle, 
love not to be laid upon plaftre-worke,orany ground,while itismoifts & yet wax will take 
any of thefe colours abovefaid, to be emploied in thofe kind of workes which are wrought 
by fire(fo it be not upon plaftre, parget,and wals,for that is impoflible)whetherthey beenameld 
or damaskd; yea and in their painting of fhips at fea, as well hulksand hoies of burden,as gallies 
and fhips of war :for now are we come(forfooth)to enamel] & paint thofe things that ate in. dan- 
gertoperifhand be caft away everic houre; fo as we need not marveile any longer, that the coffin 
going witha dead corpsto a funerall fire, is richly painted:and we take a delight when we mindto_ 
fight atfea,tofaile with our fleet gallantly dight & enriched with colours,which muftcary us into 
F daungers,cither to. our owne death,or els to the carnage of others.And when I confider{o many 
colours,and thofe fo variable, as be now adaies in ufe, I muft needs enter into the admiration of 
thofe artificers in old time;and namely,of 4pelles,Echion, Melanthivs,and Nicomachus, moftex: 
cellent painters,and whofe tables were fold for asmuch apeece, asa good town was worth; &yet 
none of thefe ufed above four colors in all thofe rich & durable works:And what mightthofebe? 
Lai \ cade : 
