146 Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society. 
Emergence of the New Brood and Behaviour of the Old.—These were 
removed from their breeding-ground on Ist July to fresh pine logs. The 
young adults fed till 18th September, when some began the brood-gallery. 
Eges were observed on 18th September, and newly hatched and older larvee 
on 6th October. The old adults fed till 17th July when they began ege 
laying, and continued till 7th September when some died and others began 
feeding again. 
The Second Brood of the Old Adults and First Brood of the Young Adults.—— 
The eggs of the second brood were laid on 17th July and subsequently. 
Larve hatched on 26th July and subsequently. On 31st October all the 
second brood were in the larval stage. 
The young adults from the first brood laid eggs on 18th September and 
subsequently. Larvae were observed on 6th October, and this new brood 
were in the larval stage on 31st October. 
Field Observations on H. palliatus. 
Breeding-ground.—Hylastes palliatus is found chiefly on Scots pine and 
spruce, but it also occurs on larch. In standing trees it attacks the stems 
and crowns, but is most easily observed on the stumps of felled pine 
and spruce where it occurs only above ground. It prefers thin bark trees, 
thirty to sixty years of age. Like its congeners it is a bast feeder, © 
and when it occurs on stumps it bores from the cut surface directly 2 
into the cambium, thus avoiding the cutting of a passage through thick 
bark. 
Hf, palliatus often occurs in enormous numbers in suitable localities. I 
have examined standing spruce stems at Woodlands, Kincardineshire, 
riddled from base to crown with its exit holes; and on Scots pine stumps at 
Eddleston, Peeblesshire, I have counted over twenty galleries in a piece of 
bark 2 feet long and about a foot broad. | 
The Feeding-ground of H. palliatus.x—H. palliatus feeds and breeds in 
similar situations, and accordingly little further need be said in regard to 
the feeding-ground. The number of beetles which feed together is a feature 
of the species. On Portmore Estate, Eddleston, in October 1916, I obtained 
a piece of bark 2 inches square, from a Scots pine stump, on which no less 
than forty beetles were feeding. At Balerno, Midlothian, on 2nd May 1916, 
in a wood above Threipmuir reservoir, I obtained, on a Scots pine branch 
3 inches in diameter and 14 feet long, seventy adult A. palliatus. 
Insects associated with H. palliatus—These fall into the three groups 
described for H. ater, as follows :— 3 ' 
