The Genus Hylastes, Er. 147 
Injurious Insects—Amongst these the bark beetles and the pine weevils 
again take first place. The following are the species most worthy of 
mention :—Myelophilus piniperda, L., Pissodes pint, L., Pityogenes bidentatus, 
Hbst., P. quadridentatus, Hart., Dryocetes autographus, Raty., Trypodendron 
lineatum, Ol., and Hylobius abietis, L. The first four occur with ZH. palliatus 
on the stems and crowns of Scots pine; the next two on the stems and 
crowns of spruce (P. bidentatus I have found once on spruce with 
H. palliatus), while H. abietis occurs with it on Scots pine stumps, as also 
does P. pint. | 
Useful Insects—Of these the same beetles which associate with H. ater 
are also commonly found in the galleries of H. palliatus, with the 
exception of Pityophagus ferrugineus, F. Of the Hymenoptera in this 
group, I have found two Chalcids which are probably parasitic on 
Hf. palliatus larve, but which have not been identified. 
Of the third group the larvee of Sciarid flies are the chief inhabitants of 
the galleries of H. paliiatus. 
LirE-History oF H. CUNICULARIUS. 
The life-history and habits of Hylastes cunicularwus have been studied 
by me only in one locality, namely, on Darnhall Estate, Eddleston, Peebles- 
shire. I first found the species breeding, in October 1914, in Aberdeenshire, 
when larve and adults were found on the roots of a spruce stump. On 
7th October 1915, I found it feeding along with AH. ater at Darnhall. I 
have already published! a short general account of H. cunicularius, to 
which I contribute additional observations in this paper. 
Breeding-ground.—The breeding-ground of H. cunicularius is the spruce 
stump and roots. The species prefers the smaller roots, often a considerable 
distance away from the stump, and, in my experience, rarely breeds on the 
stump itself. Its breeding habits are very similar to those of Z. ater, and 
where spruce and Scots pine stumps occur on the same felled area, the two 
species may be found on it—H. cunicularius occurring on the spruce roots 
and H. ater on the pine roots. In fact, these were the conditions at 
Darnhall. | 
Feeding-grownd.—Except when H. cunicularius remains to feed in its 
_ breeding-ground, it feeds in exactly the same situations as H. ater, so that 
further description of the feeding-ground is unnecessary. 
** Hylastes cunicularius, Er., and its Relations to the Forest,” Scottish Naturalist, Nov. 
1916, 
