164 Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society. 
XII.—Eudemis nzevana, Hb., the Holly Tortrix Moth. By L. H. 
Huie, F.E.S., Department of Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 
Edinburgh University. | 
(With Plate.) 
(Read 26th February 1917. Received 16th March 1917.) 
[Also named £. geminana,' Stph.; Steganoptycha (Grapholitha) nevana 
and Rhopobota nevana, Hb. | 
CLASSIFICATION. 
Order LEPIDOPTERA. 
Group TORTRICINA. 
Family EPIBLEMIDZ. 
THIs moth is common in England, in the lowlands of Scotland, and in 
parts of Ireland. For many years holly trees in Edinburgh and neighbourhood 
have suffered from this pest. My own notes record it from public and 
private shrubberies, nurseries, hedges on the highways, etc. 
The following observations were made in 1916 in a garden of 24 acres 
in extent, containing 110 holly trees of seven different varieties, every one | 
of which was infested by the larvee of Hudemis nevana. The garden contains 7 
also apple and hawthorn trees which are recorded as host plants for these , 
caterpillars, but neither of these showed any signs of the pest, though the | 
larvee were reared artificially with perfect success on the leaves of both. | 
: 
EPITOME OF LIFE-HISTORY. 
The life-history of this insect is shortly as follows:—The moths emerge 
after pupation about the end of July and beginning of August. The eggs 
are laid in August on the under sides of holly leaves; the larve hatch out 
in late April or early May of the following year, and proceed at once to 
the apices of the shoots to feed on the young leaves of opening buds. Here 
they remain, at first feeding on the outer leaves, later working their way 
inwards. In the course of their life as caterpillars four moults take place. 
During the third and fourth instars the larve protect themselves when 
feeding by fastening the leaves together by a silken webbing, which prevents — 
the buds from unfolding. Under the cover thus afforded the larva devours 
the youngest leaves, and often gnaws the growing point also. The caterpillar 
1 This name has been given to the form feeding on Vaccinium, but “ there is no constant 
difference,” Handbook of British Lepidoptera, by Meyrick, p. 477. 
