Eudemis nevana, Hb., the Holly Tortrix Moth. 169 
clearly seen. The segments of the abdomen are smooth on the ventral 
aspect, but the dorsal side of each of the first six bears a row of stiff, tooth- 
like, short bristles or points, parallel with the anterior edge, and a similar 
row of smaller but more numerous points slightly below the centre of the 
seoment. The 7th, 8th, and 9th abdominal segments all bear one row 
of points, those on the 9th being larger in size and fewer in number than 
the rest. A cremaster is represented by a few rather long, hooked hairs 
situated at the posterior extremity of the pupa. 
The cast-off skin shed at pupation lies at the posterior end of the cocoon ; 
and when the moth is about to emerge the pupa protrudes itself from the 
other end to facilitate the free escape of the imago (Fig. 2). As already 
stated H. nevana remains in the pupal state between two and three weeks. 
The Jmago is described in great detail in Barrett’s Lepidoptera of the 
British Isles. J offer the following shorter description (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4) :— 
Wing expanse, $—2 inch; body scarcely } inch. Antenne grey or brown, 
more than half the length of the body, very slender. Fore wings narrow, 
grey with brown markings, which vary exceedingly in intensity of tint, a 
broad basal blotch and an irregular oblique central band being the general 
pattern, which may vary from grey-brown to dark brown or black. Hind 
wings pale brownish-grey, deeply fringed. 
The sexes do not differ in colouring or antenne, but while the abdomen 
of the female is somewhat pear-shaped with the narrow end posterior, the 
abdomen of the male is cylindrical and more tufted at its extremity. Both 
sexes are furnished with a short proboscis, with which I have seen them 
suck up moisture. | 
The moths remain during daylight under the leaves and branches of the 
holly trees, where they are afforded protection from rain, wind and light. 
About sunset they emerge and flit about the branches, or keep up a swaying 
flight to and fro in front of a tree, coming to rest on a leaf, and after 
a time taking to wing again. The moths continue their activities after dark, 
as I often proved by means of a flash-light. Moths were bred out in a large 
cage supplied with two small holly plants, on which the females ovi-posited, 
but I was never fortunate enough to witness the actual laying of the eggs. 
Mating took place after sundown, and I once found a pair still coupled in 
the early morning. These captive moths lived from three to four weeks. 
REMEDIES AGAINST THE PEST. 
With a view to fighting this insect as a pest, a consideration of the 
life-history would suggest the following methods of attack :— 
1, Treatment that might destroy the newly-hatched caterpillar on its way 
