el a 
Abnormalities of Reproductive System found in Frogs. 245 
was healthily normal, but at widely separated points two ova were found, 
one actually within a seminal tubule (Figs. 3 and 3a), and the other between 
the tubules. The ovum within the tubule lay among spermatozoa. The 
ovum appeared perfectly normal in structure, whereas the spermatozoa were 
deformed and breaking down. It is probable that the pressure exerted by 
the ovum, which very nearly filled the lumen of the tubule, was responsible 
for the degeneration of the spermatozoa within this and the neighbouring 
tubules. The second ovum lay between seminal tubules which were irregular 
in shape,—another pressure effect in all probability,—and showed signs of 
degeneration. Vasa efferentia were present in association with this testis- 
portion. 
The ova within the Miillerian ducts were degenerate, and many consisted 
of nothing but granular material. No spermatozoa were found within the 
enlargements of the urino-genital ducts. There were ciliated cells upon the 
peritoneum. The pituitary was unexceptional. 
CasE No. II. 
Rana temporaria. Adult, measuring 7'7 cm. from the symphysis menti to 
the symphysis pubis. Killed April. 
jaternal characters.—On the base of the innermost digit of the left hand 
was an unpigmented but definite pad, in size smaller than that of the average 
male of the same size at this season. On the right hand there was no pad, 
but the digit was stouter than that of the typical female (Fig. 4). Fore-limbs 
moderately massive. Rut-muscle poorly developed. Skin of the back and 
flanks not warty. 
On inspection, the right gonad was found to be an ovary, measuring 
32x17 x6 cm., more deeply pigmented than usual, and more solid-looking. 
The left gonad had the appearance of an ovary, more deeply pigmented and 
firmer than the normal, which bore upon its inner border three nodules of 
tissue exactly resembling normal testis. The whole gonad measured 
326xX18x°8 cm. and of the three nodules of testis-substance, one, 
6x5x4mm., was situated at the extreme anterior end of the inner border. 
Another, 7x5x4 mm,, lay at the extreme posterior end of the border, 
while the third, 3x3x3 mm., was placed midway between the other 
two (Fig. 5). 
Vasa efferentia connected each gonad to the adjacent kidney; they were 
few in number on the right—three only—but on the left were exactly like 
those of a normal male. Seminal vesicles were present, but were small and 
spindle-shaped. The Miillerian ducts were well developed and of the size 
