These four species be carefully describes from their larva^, separating 

 them by means of a synoptic table, but confesses himself unable to 

 associate them with their adults, with the exception of the Ver macaque, 

 which is undoubted^ Bermatohia noxiaJis Goudot. The second sj)ecies, 

 which he designates as Torcel, he believes to have been wrongly referred 

 to Bermatohia cyaniventris. The third, designated as Berne or Bicho 

 Berne, may be B. cyaniventris, but this the author states is pure pre- 

 sumi^tion. The fourth, Yer moyocuil^ is unknown in the perfect state. 



The larvae are distinguished as follows: The Ver macaque stands 

 alone in having the second and third segments covered with very fine 

 spinules. The Berne has the eighth segment with a row of anteverted 

 spines on the dorsum. The Tor eel has the third segment with a com- 

 plete girdle of spines, while in the Yer moyocuil this girdle is lacking 

 on the venter. 



Fungicides and Insecticides.* — Bulletin ^0. 17 of the Hatch Experiment 

 Station of Massachusetts is devoted largely to a report of experiments 

 with fungicides, and with fungicides combined with insecticides. A 

 number of expert fruit-growers took part in the experiments, spraying- 

 apparatus and chemicals being furnished them, in consideration of 

 accurate work and full reports of results. The fungicides used were 

 Bordeaux mixture, ammoniacal carbonate of copx)er, and the sulphates 

 of copper and of iron. Paris green was the only insecticide used. The 

 plants experimented upon were Apple, Pear, Plum, Peach, Grape, Po- 

 tato, and Tomato. The life-histories of the principal fungi affecting the 

 above are briefly given. The principal insects experimented against 

 were the Codling Moth, Plum Ourculio, and Tent Caterpillars. 



A chapter devoted to the determination of the amount of copi^er on 

 sprayed fruit, and which bears upon the absurd ''grape scare" of last 

 autumn, is of especial interest. Analyses were made to determine the 

 actual quantity of copper adhering to grapes that had been sprayed 

 with Bordeaux mixture. Analysis of the first sample, which was com- 

 posed of grapes that had been badly disfigured by the fungicide, shows 

 only two thousandths of 1 per cent of oxide of copper. To receive any 

 injurious effects fi^om such bunches of grapes, one would be obliged to 

 eat something like a ton of them — stems, skins, and all. Sample No. 2 

 showed not even a trace of copper. 



From the above it appears that with proper care in the application 

 of the copper solutions, there will not be left even a trace of the cop- 

 per on the fruit at the time of harvesting, while with the most careless 

 use of the wash no harmful effects will accrue. The sensational ac- 

 count in the London Ball Mall Gazette of last autumn that American 



* Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. Bulletin 

 No, 17. Amherst, Mass., April, 1892, [pp. 47, pi. xi, figs. 4]. 



