281 



cooked by steam 1,500 gallous of spraying material, boiling it in 

 every case more tlian two hours. Fifty pounds of lime and 100 pounds 

 of sulphur were placed in one of the vats (capacity 300 gallons) and 

 100 gallons of hot water were run in from the tank. Then turning on 

 the steam the contents began boiling almost instantly. After two or 

 three hours 150 pounds of lime and 75 pounds of salt were added, 

 after having been previously slacked. The steam was kept ujj and the 

 contents of the vats boiled for half an hour longer, and water was then 

 added to make 300 gallons. After this prolonged cooking the residue 

 was very slight and the mixture approached a chemical solution 

 in appearance. The use of this mixture resulted in a complete eradi- 

 cation of the San Jose Scale from a 100-acre orchard of 7-year-old trees. 



INTRODUCTION OF THE LONG SCALE INTO CALIFORNIA. 



We notice from the California Fruit Grower, of December 10, 1892, 

 that no less than 22 carloads of Mexican oranges have been imported 

 into California at Los Angeles, many of them infested by Mytilaspis 

 glovsrii, which up to the present time has not succeeded in getting a 

 foothold in that State. The Frtiit Groiver is justly indignant over the 

 supposed negligence of the quarantine officers in allowing this impor- 

 tation, as these oranges coming before the California fruit is marketable 

 were widely distributed and liable to work great damage. That neither 

 the Purple Scale, Long Scale, or Chaff Scale have as yet obtained a 

 foothold in California, in spite of frequent accidental imi)ortations, is 

 by no means an absolute argumeiit against the possibility that they 

 might ultimately become injurious on the Pacific Coast, although this 

 is a point made by importers both of fruit and nursery stock against 

 the necessity of disinfection. 



IMPORTED SCALES IN CALIFORNIA. 



In a paper read by Mr. Alexander Craw before the State Horticul- 

 tural Society, December 30, 1892, he brings forward many important 

 facts relating to the insect pests of foreign trees. He states with great 

 positiveness that the Red Scale of California (Aspidiotus aivranUi) was 

 introduced upon Citrus trees from Australia, and that it is undoubt- 

 edly a native of that country. Inasmuch as it can be traced to four 

 distinct importations of trees from Australia and its spread followed 

 from those centers, the first of his statements is probably correct, but 

 it by no means follows that it is an indigene of the island-continent, and 

 of this we have serious doubts. The so-called " yellow scale" {Aspidi- 

 otus citrinus), which, by the way, we have as yet been unable to sepa- 

 rate specifically from the Red Scale, but consider onlj'^ a variety thereof, 

 is stated with equal positiveness to have been introduced from Japan 

 in the early '70's. The San Jose Scale is stated to be unquestionably 

 of foreign origin and it is surmised on the authority of Mr. John Brit- 



