36 . INJURY BY SMELTER WASTES. 
From all the work done in the vicinity of Anaconda the following 
definite conclusions can be drawn: 
(1) The forests around the smelter appear from actual cherniedl 
analysis to be injured for at least 10 miles north of the smelter, 6 | 
miles south of the smelter, and 13 miles west of the smelter. 
(2) This injury to forests by sulphur dioxid undoubtedly extends 
to a distance of 15 to 19 miles north of the smelter, 8 miles south of 
the smelter, 15 miles west of the smelter, and perhaps even farther 
in certain localities, although not proved by chemical analysis. 
(3) The junipers are very resistant to smelter fumes and are able 
to grow close to the smelter; the red firs are susceptible to the fumes 
and are badly damaged at distances of about 15 miles or perhaps 
even farther; the lodgepole pines are intermediate between the other 
two species of trees, but show damage for at least 10 miles. 
(4) Large quantities of arsenic are discharged from the smelter 
on the surrounding country, this poison being found in forage crops 
in large enough quantities to poison cattle. 
(5) The waste from the reduction plant discharged into the Deer 
Lodge River renders it unfit for irrigation purposes. 
(6) The land irrigated by the Deer Lodge River, containing the 
waste from the reduction plant, is greatly injured by the copper 
present in the irrigation water. 
(7) The soils irrigated by the Deer Lodge River which were 
studied by the writer do not contain enough alkali salts to be in- 
jurious to ordinary farm crops. 
SECOND INVESTIGATION OF INJURY BY SMELTER WASTES 
AROUND ANACONDA, MONT., 1908-9. 
A fourth study of injury to vegetation and animal life by smelter 
fumes was conducted at Anaconda, Mont., during the summer of 
1908, and continued at Washington, D.C., during 1908 and 1909. 
Nearly all the samples taken were from public domain, some within 
and some outside the bounds of the National Forests. As in the 
former investigation at Anaconda, the chemist was accompanied by 
a forester and the samples were taken in the same way and with the 
same precautions as have been described. Observations of injury 
to vegetation were made even more thoroughly than on the previous 
inspection of this locality and special attention was given to the in- 
jury to forests on public domain. 
