APPEARANCE OF VEGETATION AROUND ANACONDA. 39 
tinued east in the National Forest toward the top of the mountains, 
it was noticed that practically all of the red firs, both young and old, 
_ were either killed or dying. Toward the top of the mountain lodge- 
pole pines were found, but they were apparently uninjured. No note- 
worthy fire had swept over this region for approximately forty-five 
years, and yet the red firs were dying. Since the country in secs. 1 
and 2, T. 4 N., R. 9 W., is just about as close to the Butte smelters 
as to the Washoe smelter, it is of course impossible to say which one 
was responsible for the damage; probably all contributed to it. 
The road that runs from Anaconda along the east side of the Deer 
Lodge Valley, and up Dry Cottonwood Creek, was followed to secs. 6 
and 7, T.5 N., R. 8 W., about 14 miles from the smelter. The lodge- 
pole pines along the creek and in secs. 6 and 7 were not injured or dis- 
colored. In Dry Cottonwood Valley proper the red firs were in 
excellent condition. (See Plate IX.) On the bluff bounding Dry 
Cottonwood Creek on the south, approximately in sec. 7, T. 5 N., 
R. 8 W., quite a number of old red firs were dead, but since there were 
hundreds of others, as well as of young red firs, in perfect condition 
erowing around the dead trees, it is hardly possible that fumes were 
causing injury at this point to any great extent during the summer of 
1908. That fumes were reaching this region, however, was shown by 
the fact that small amounts of arsenic were found on the range grass. 
On the whole it appears, then, that this region was at the extreme 
limit of injury to red firs under the conditions existing in the summer 
of 1908. It is of course possible, even probable, that the considerable 
number of old red firs that were dead had been killed a number of 
years before by the fumes from the Butte smelters. 
SOUTH OF THE SMELTER. 
A trip was made south of the smelter over a large portion of the 
counbin covered ‘by secs. 13, 14, 15, 22, 28, 24, 25, 26, 27, T. 4 N., 
R.11 W. While all of these sections were not visited, they could be 
plainly observed from commanding positions. All over the flat cov- 
ered by the sections named, which runs from a point a little south of 
the smelter to about a mile beyond Mill Creek (about 4 miles south 
of smelter), the large trees had been cut off and a fire had passed 
over the country about eighteen or twenty years before, as was shown 
by the scars on a few older trees and the lack of scars on young 18 to 19 
year old lodgepole pines, which evidently grew after the fire. All of 
these young pines were dead or very badly injured, their needles were 
all badly discolored, and about three-fourths of them were entirely 
dead. No red firs were growing on this flat. 
An inspection tour was also made up Willow Creek approximately 
to sec. 13, T. 3 N., R. 11 W., a point about 74 miles south of the 
smelter; Oleson Gulch was also visited and Fourth of July Gulch 
