92 William C. McComb and Robert L. Rumsey 



warblers had less leaf cover (x = 26.4%) (hence lower crown cover), 

 greater slope (x = 49.0%), and higher understory diversity (x = 5.49) 

 than overall plot averages (x - 56.0, 36.2, and 5.15, respectively). 

 Freedman et al. (1981) reported adverse effects of forest cutting on 

 black-throated green warblers in Nova Scotia, but we found this species 

 tolerant of forest disturbance in Kentucky, though densities were low on 

 clearcut, 45 kg/ ha and 90 kg/ ha plots. 



Ovenbirds, Seiurus aurocapillus, used control and 90 kg/ ha plots 

 more than clearcut and 68 kg/ ha plots (P<0.05) (Table 3). The 90 

 kg/ ha of M-3864 resulted in dense understory (x = 105%), partial mid- 

 story (x = 13%), and a discontinuous overstory (x = 31.9%) (McComb 

 and Rumsey, in press). Further, ovenbirds used edges more frequently 

 (13 individuals) than plot centers (2 individuals) (P<0.05), and they 

 were found more often on north-facing slopes (10 individuals) than on 

 ridges (1 individual) (P<0.05). Allaire (1978), Robbins (1979), Stauffer 

 and Best (1980) and Crawford et al. (1981) indicated that ovenbirds are 

 a forest interior species and that they are adversely affected by forest 

 disturbance or edge presence, but our study and that of Freedman et al. 

 (1981) indicated that ovenbirds will occur on edges of some disturbed 

 areas surrounded by undisturbed forest. Plots where ovenbirds occurred 

 in our study had higher crown cover (x = 49.7%), leaf cover (x = 73.2%), 

 basal area (x = 41.7 m^/ha), foliage height diversity (x = 1.44), lower log 

 density (x = 0.8/ 12 m^), and a shorter distance to water (x - 189.8 m) 

 than overall plot means (x = 31.5, 56.0, 33.3, 1.30, 1.5, and 335.7, 

 respectively). Ovenbird numbers were correlated with basal area (r = 

 + 54.6), crown cover (r -+ 48.0), and distance to water (r =- 47. 1). 



Kentucky warblers, Oporornis formosus, used 68 kg/ ha plots more 

 than control and clearcut plots (P<0.05) (Table 3). Abundant (x = 1/31 

 m^) and large-diameter (x = 34.8 cm) snags, low basal area (17.2 m^/ha), 

 and low midstory cover (17.1%) characterized 68 kg/ ha plots. Kentucky 

 warblers were found on plots with higher snag density (x = 1/13 m^), 

 rock cover (x - 8.8%), and lower midstory cover (x = 15.5%), snag dis- 

 tance (x = 16.2 m), rock distance (x = 14.9 m), and log length (x = 19.7 

 m), than overall averages ( x = 1/20, 3.3, 28.0, 3.4, 32.8, and 28.4, respec- 

 tively). Kentucky warbler numbers were correlated with midstory cover 

 (r =- 52.3) and snag diameter (r =+ 48.6). Kentucky warbler habitat on 

 our plots was characterized by many logs, rocks and large snags and 

 little midstory on sites away from permanent water. Log and rock pres- 

 ence may be important as a nest location for this ground-nesting 

 species. 



Tufted titmice had no association with aspect or edge, but they 

 were observed most frequently on 68 kg/ ha plots (P<0.05) (Table 3). 

 The abundance of large-diameter snags (x = 34.8 cm dbh) that occurred 

 on 68 kg/ ha plots may have influenced use of these plots by this cavity- 



