Seabird Core Temperatures 



15 



Table 1. Deep body temperatures and body mass of seabirds. Mean + one standard devia- 

 tion (range in parentheses). 



N 



Mass (g) 



Gaviiformes 





Gavia immer 



• 2 



Procellariiformes 





Fulmarus glacialis 



20 



Calonectris diomedea 



35 



Puffinus gravis 



25 



Puffinus Iherminieri 



35 



Puffinus griseus 



1 



Pterodroma hasitata 



9 



Oceanites oceanicus 



25 



Pelecaniformes 





Phaethon aethereus 



2 



Sula bassanus 



4 



Phalacrocorax auritus 



2 



Charadriiformes 





Phalaropus lobatus 



5 



Phalaropus fulicaria 



14 



Stercorarius pomarinus 



14 



Stercorarius parasiticus 



2 



Larus marinus 



4 



Larus argentatus 



6 



Larus atricilla 



11 



Larus Philadelphia 



2 



Rissa tridactyla 



10 



Sterna hirundo 



7 



Sterna anaethetus 



6 



Sterna maxima 



9 



3588.0 ± 58.0 (3547.0-3629.0) 



692.3 ± 78.5 (550.0-860.0) 

 591.6 ±81.8 (430.4-749.5) 

 615.1 ± 103.7(424.3-870.0) 



206.6 ±20.5 (138.4-242.0) 

 774.0 



441.5 ±68.8 (352.3-496.0) 

 33.5 ± 3.5 (25.9-39.4) 



616.4 ± 12.1 (607.8-624.9) 

 3396.0 ± 383.0 (2898.0-3750.0) 

 1833.9 ±96.7 (1765.5-1902.3) 



37.0 ±5.9 (31.6-46.6) 

 55.4 ± 9.9 (38.9-73.0) 

 743.8 ±58.7 (660.3-849.9) 

 522.8 ±9.3 (516.2-529.4) 

 1641.0 ±89.8 (1577.0-1774.0) 



919.5 ± 120.7(778.0-1114.5) 



333.7 ± 35.8 (277.9-424.6) 

 21 1.0 ±7.1 (206.0-216.0) 

 368.0 ±60.5 (294.7-448.4) 

 118.0 ± 14.4(95.5-142.4) 

 135.5 ± 15.4(117.9-154.3) 

 489.5 ±29.2 (456.7-543.1) 



Body temperature (°C) 



39.7 ±0.2 (39.5-39.8) 



39.9 ± 0.8 (38.0-42.0) 



39.6 ±0.9 (38.2-41.0) 



39.8 ±0.7 (38.6-41.2) 



39.5 ± 1.0(36.5-41.2) 

 41.0 



39.1 ±0.6 (38.0-40.0) 



38.9 ± 1.3(37.0-42.2) 



39.3 ± 1.1 (38.5-40.0) 



40.7 ± 0.9 (40.0-42.0) 



40.4 ± 0.6 (39.9-40.8) 



39.9 ± 1.1 (38.8-41.5) 



40.3 ± 1.0(38.2-42.6) 



40.4 ± 1.3(38.4-43.3) 



42.0 ±0.3 (41.8-42.2) 



39.7 ± 1.0(39.2-41.2) 

 40.4 ±0.5 (39.5-41.0) 



40.6 ± 1.3(37.8-42.0) 



39.3 ±0.3 (39.1-39.5) 



40.2 ±0.6 (39.4-41.2) 



40.8 ± 1.1 (39.0-42.5) 



40.4 ±0.8 (39.2-41.8) 



40.1 ± 1.1 (38.0-41.1) 



1956; Farner and Serventy 1959; Grant and Whittow 1983; Howell and 

 Bartholomew 1961a, b; Warham 1971). Warham (1971) expressed doubt 

 that the T^ of petrels flying at sea would be greatly increased, because 

 of their energy-efficient methods of flight. Most of the temperatures 

 presented here are from birds collected in flight, although some of the 

 phalaropes were collected on the water. Nevertheless, most of the phala- 

 ropes were actively foraging (i.e. swimming) rather than resting on the 

 surface. We have no way of knowing how long an individual bird had 

 been active or how long it had been resting before collection. Avian 

 flight (especially in birds that do not soar) typically elevates body 

 temperatures 1 to 2 °C above the level recorded for resting birds 



