Spawning Notemigonus Using Lepomis Nests 63 



sity in nests might lower dissolved oxygen concentration while elevating 

 levels of carbon dioxide and ammonia. Since developing golden shiners 

 are not normally dependent upon constant parental ventilation, slight 

 degradation of water quality in the nest would be expected to be less 

 harmful to them than to the developing bluegills. These factors, in addi- 

 tion to competition for food at the time of yolk sac absorption, would 

 be detrimental to centrarchid reproductive success. If these kinds of 

 negative interactions are real, their existence might help explain the fre- 

 quently observed decline in fishery value of bass/bluegill ponds follow- 

 ing the introduction of golden shiners. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.— I wish to thank Drs. Melvin T. Huish 

 and John M. Miller, and an anonymous reviewer, for helpful comments 

 on the manuscript. Paper number 8081 of the Journal Series of the 

 North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, N.C., 27650. 



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Accepted 19 November 1982 



