106 Lynn B. Starnes and Arthur E. Bogan 



the area to be sampled. To avoid wind ripples or sun glare, mask and 

 snorkel was used to observe the substrate while each rock was removed 

 from within the frame. All mollusks recovered from the square were 

 retained for identification. 



Specimens collected by KNPC were identified by D. H. Stansbery 

 and deposited at Ohio State University. Collections by G. Schuster and 

 B. Branson are at EKU. Most of our specimens have been deposited in 

 the Department of Anthropology Zooarchaeology Collection, Univer- 

 sity of Tennessee (UT), Knoxville. Additional smaller collections have 

 been deposited at the Department of Malacology, Academy of Natural 

 Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP), and in the senior author's collection. 



TAXONOMY 



Approximately 70% of the taxa recorded from Big South Fork, 

 confluent with Little South Fork, has undergone taxonomic revisions 

 since 1914; therefore, we feel that Table 1 and the following discussion 

 are essential to a general understanding of historical and modern union- 

 id taxonomy of Cumberland River tributaries. Table 1 compares our 

 nomenclature with that reported in Wilson and Clark (1914) and Neel 

 and Allen (1964). Synonyms were traced by using Bogan and Parmalee 

 (in press), Burch (1975), Clarke (1981), Haas (1969), Ortmann (1917, 

 1918), Ortmann and Walker (1922), and Simpson (1914). Of the 78 total 

 unionid species found in the Cumberland River, 24 have been docu- 

 mented in Little South Fork. 



The Pleurobema clava of Wilson and Clark (1914) is here called the 

 P. oviforme "complex". Ortmann (1924) suggested that P. clava from 

 the Upper Cumberland and Big South Fork may be P. oviforme. We 

 have identified Fusconaia subrotunda reported in Starnes and Starnes 

 (1980) to be Pleurobema oviforme. Stansbery (OSU) identified KNPC 

 materials from the Rockcastle and Little South Fork rivers as P. ovi- 

 forme. Some specimens from Little South Fork approach P. clava in 

 shell shape, hence our use of "complex". 



Wilson and Clark (1914) listed both Alasmidonta minor and A. 

 truncata from Big South Fork (Table 1). Clarke (1981) included both A. 

 minor and A. truncata as synonyms of A. calceolus, which he placed as 

 a junior synonym of A. viridis (Rafinesque 1820). 



Taxa reported in the genera Carunculina, Truncilla, and Dysnomia 

 require clarification. Both Wilson and Clark (1914) and Neel and Allen 

 (1964) reported Carunculina, but not the taxon C. lividus, from Big 

 South Fork. Stansbery (1976) observed that Villosa vanuxemensis was 

 absent from the Rockcastle River and that the purple-nacred Toxo- 

 lasma was T. lividus. This suggests that the identification of V. vanuxe- 

 mensis by both Wilson and Clark (1914) and Neel and Allen (1964) was 



