12 Gerald F. Schroedl and Paul W. Parmalee 



in each. Although fragmentary, measurements on the upper as well 

 as lower premolar P 4 and molars ( M 1? M., and M 3 ), and observations 

 of rounding and wear on the molar, indicate that this was a mature 

 individual (Table 1). 



Dog Burial 2 



The remains of this individual also consisted of fragmentary portions 

 of the cranium, incomplete and broken pieces of the upper and lower 

 jaws, and isolated teeth and tooth fragments. Measurements of the 

 teeth and alveoli indicate that this also was a mature dog with a skull 

 similar in size to Dog Burial 1 (Table 1). 



Dog Burial 3 



Except for the skull and mandibles, Dog Burial 3 also was poorly 

 preserved. None of the axial skeleton was complete enough to obtain 

 measurements, so the stature of the animal could not be determined. 

 Recovered fragments or sections of the postcranial skeleton included 

 seven cervical and two thoracic vertebrae, one scapula, both ulnae, 

 one radius, one humerus, one tibia, one femur (represented by the 

 head), acetabulum, and six elements from one foot. 



The loss of many teeth and the wear pattern on those remaining 

 suggest the animal was quite old when it died. All incisors in both 

 upper and lower jaws, plus the right first premolar in both, were lost 

 and alveoli completely absorbed. Only the root of the left P 1 remained. 

 Both right and left P 2 3 were crowded and overlapped. Except for a 

 fragment of a root of the left P 4 and the worn base of the hypocone 

 of the left M 1 , the left P 4 , M 1 , and M 2 had been lost or worn away; 

 most of the alveoli of the molar roots had been absorbed. It is apparent 

 that with the loss of these teeth, important in tearing, crushing, and 

 chewing food, the dog was forced to use the right side for mastication. 



All remaining cheek teeth on the right side in both upper and 

 lower jaws exhibit extreme wear (see Figs. 2 and 3). This is especially 

 noticeable when observing the greater degree of wear on all teeth on 

 the right side in both the upper and lower jaws compared with those 

 on the left side. The occlusal patterns of the right M 12 were completely 

 worn away. Only the smooth base of the M 2 hypocone remained, and 

 the surface wear on the M 1 had been so intense as to not only erode 

 away the cusps but also to narrow the tooth in the hypocone/protocone 

 area. The right C 1 also exhibited greater wear than the left C 1 , being 

 5.0 mm shorter. The right C 1 had a pronounced groove on the lingual 

 surface, possibly resulting from continual pulling at or chewing of 



