30 William J. Poly and Charles E. Boucher 



Greeley 1930; Sibley and Rimsky-Korsakoff 1931; Hubbs and Cooper 

 1938; Simpson 1941; Dobie et al. 1948; Starrett 1948; Dinsmore 1962; 

 Minckley 1963; Barber and Minckley 1971; Moshenko and Gee 1973; 

 Newsome and Gee 1978; Copes 1978; Johnson and Johnson 1982; 

 Magnan and FitzGerald 1982, 1984; Angermeier 1982, 1985; Keast 

 1985; Garman and Moring 1993); however, no mammalian remains 

 were reported in these studies. Dobie et al. (1948:91) remarked: "The 

 northern creek chub seems to eat anything that comes its way." We 

 found one record of cyprinids feeding on mammals: flathead chub 

 (Platygobio gracilis (Richardson)) eating a small rodent (McPhail and 

 Lindsey 1970). Larger predatory fishes such as northern pike (Esox 

 lucius Linnaeus) and muskellunge (E. masquinongy Mitchill) have been 

 known to consume small mammals or birds (Anderson 1948, Lawler 

 1965). In the early 1990s, one boreal red-backed vole (Clethrionomys 

 gapperi (Vigors)) was found in a smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu 

 Lacepede) from Lake Saganaga, Minnesota/Ontario (David A. Etnier, 

 University of Tennessee, personal communication). A green sunfish 

 (Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque), preyed on a Mexican free-tailed bat 

 (Tadarida mexicana (Saussure)) in a Texas cave (Jones and Hettler 

 1959), and goldeye (Hiodon alosoides (Rafinesque)) are known to consume 

 small mammals as well (Dymond and Hart 1927, Scott and Crossman 

 1973). Quimby (1951) reported E. lucius preying on a Z. hudsonius 

 in Minnesota. Z. hudsonius has been reported to swim and dive underwater 

 to avoid capture (Quimby 1951, Hoffmeister 1989, references in Krutzsch 

 1954) and is often found near water. Such an "affinity" for water 

 would explain why this mouse is occasionally preyed upon by fishes. 

 The creek chub and mouse remains have been catalogued in the Southern 

 Illinois University at Carbondale Fish Collection (SIUC 24849). 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS— Brady Porter provided an initial identification 

 of the mouse remains, and George Feldhamer confirmed that identification 

 by comparison with preserved specimens. Brooks Burr provided several 

 relevant publications, and David Etnier supplied the incident of red- 

 backed vole predation by a smallmouth bass. 



LITERATURE CITED 



Anderson, L. R. 1948. Unusual items in the diet of the northern muskel- 

 lunge (Esox masquinongy immaculatus). Copeia 1948:63. 



Angermeier, P. L. 1982. Resource seasonality and fish diets in an Illi- 

 nois stream. Environmental Biology of Fishes 7:251-264. 



Angermeier, P. L. 1985. Spatio-temporal patterns of foraging success for 



