Centipede Subfamily Plutoniuminae 



91 



resembling the conditions in T. californiensis and T. erythrocephalus 

 (compare Fig. 19 with Figs. 13 and 40). 



Ecology. As with T. posticus, T. spinicaudus occurs primarily 

 in moist deciduous litter. It is occasionally found in predominantly 

 pine litter, and rarely under logs, loose wood debris, and large rocks. 



Distribution. As shown in Fig. 32, the distribution of T. spinicaudus 

 is more restricted than that of the eastern population of T. posticus, 

 and the available records cluster into two segregated areas: the southern 

 Blue Ridge Province of North Carolina and the southern periphery 

 of Virginia, extending eastward and southward into the Piedmont Plateau 

 and Fall Zone of the Carolinas, Georgia, and Alabama, and westward 

 onto the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee and Alabama; and from 

 the Central Lowlands of northeastern Illinois and central Iowa southwestward 

 to the Ozark and Ouachita provinces of southwestern Arkansas and 

 eastern Oklahoma, extending onto the Coastal Plain in southeastern 

 Arkansas (Fig. 31). Specimens were examined as follows; counties 

 are listed alphabetically for states where the species is known from 

 more than five counties, and complete data are provided for states 

 where T. spinicaudus is known from five or fewer counties. Each state 

 listing begins with a general description of anticipated occurrence. 



Fig. 31. Distribution of T. spinicaudus. 



