Centipede Subfamily Plutoniuminae 



103 



Fig. 44. Distributions of T. erythrocephalus (stars) and P. zwierleini (dots). 

 Some symbols of T. erythrocephalus in Croatia and Montenegro denote more 

 than one locality; the site in Portugal is unknown and indicated by the question 

 mark. 



Plutonium zwierleinii: Verhoeff, 1906:387. Attems, 1926:Fig. 433; 1930:253- 

 254, Figs. 336-338. Foddai et al., 1995:8. 



Type specimen. Neotype (ZMH) collected by G. A. Markens, 16 

 May 1898, at Palermo, Sicily, Italy. The holotype is not known to 

 exist; it is not housed at either museum in Florence, Italy, the Museo 

 Zoologico de La Specola (Zoological Museum of Florence University) 

 or the Instituto Sperimentale per la Zoologia Agraria (Minelli, in litt.). 

 According to Cavanna (1881), the holotype was collected in 1878 at 

 an unspecified location, probably in Sicily, by Dom. Eq. Zwierlein. 



Diagnosis. With the character of the genus (Figs. 42-43). 



Variation. The few specimens that I examined agree with the description 

 by Cavanna (1881). Wiirmli (1975) also does not indicate significant 

 variation. 



Ecology. According to Wiirmli (1975) and Minelli and Iovane 

 (1987), P. zwierleini occurs from 0-900 m (0-2,952 ft.) in seashore 

 environments and woodlands; it is usually encountered under large rocks 

 or small stones, where soil moisture is preserved. 



