Mammals of the Ardis Local Fauna 17 



well. It is thought that the diet of this llama consisted of grasses as 

 well as the shoots and leaves from bushes and trees (Kurten and 

 Anderson 1980). The Ardis local fauna is the second report of this 

 species from South Carolina. 



Family Cervidae 

 Subfamily Odocoileinae 

 Odocoileus virginianus - White-tailed Deer 

 Material: 1 left Ml (.278); 1 left ml (1 USNM); 1 right Ml (.282); 

 1 right Ml (1 USNM); 1 left P3 (.279); 1 right p3 (1 UF); 1 right PI 

 (.283); 1 right m3 (.284); 1 left m2 (1 UF); 2 dm's (.280, .281); 1 left 

 P2 (1 USNM); 1 right scapula proximal end (.285); 1 humerus distal 

 end (.305); 1 distal end of calcaneum (.286); 1 astragalus (.287); 

 3 cubonavicalur (.288, .289), (1 USNM); 1 right scaphoid (.290); 

 1 trapezoidomagnum (.304); 1 ectocuneiform (.315); 2 right proximal 

 ulnas (.291, .292); 1 sacral vertebra (.293); 2 distal right radii (.294, 

 .295) and 1 right radius of sub-adult (.296); 1 left proximal tibio- 

 fibula (.297); 1 ulna partial proximal end (.298); right articulated (2) 

 metatarsus and hoof core (.299a-c); 1 right metacarpal (.300); 1 right 

 rib proximal end (.301) and 1 unspecified rib proximal end (.302); 1 

 right partial antler including the burr and past first two tines both of 

 which are missing (1 USNM); 1 right antler (.303). 



Remarks: The first fossil record of O. virginianus reported from 

 South Carolina was based on two basal antler fragments (Allen 1926). 

 A second record exists from Edisto Island (Roth and Laerm 1980), 

 based on antler fragments and other postcranial remains, but these 

 may be of recent origin. The white-tailed deer ranges from Canada 

 into northern South America, but is absent from hot arid areas of 

 North America. It occupies a wide variety of habitats today, including 

 coniferous and deciduous forests, high mountain areas, coastal marshlands, 

 grasslands, and suburban fringes. It is most commonly found in broken 

 habitats typical of agricultural areas (Webster et al. 1985). 



This deer is very common around the Ardis site today. The 

 Ardis local fauna appears to have individuals from several different 

 age cohorts, based on tooth wear patterns. 



Family Bovidae 



Subfamily Bovinae 



Bison antiquus 



Material: 1 right m2 (UF); 1 left P4 (.308); 1 left M2 (.309); 1 left p3 



(.310); 1 left p2 (.311); 1 right M3 (USNM); 1 left m3 (.312); 2 



