St. Marks River Fauna 33 



Family Bovidae 

 Bovidae gen. et sp. indet. 



Material— Proximal phalanges, UGAMNH1621, 1627, 1631, 

 1632; left lunate, UGAMNH1633, 1634; left lunar, UGAMNH1625; 

 left scapual spine, UGAMNH1635; rib head, UGAMNH1636; right 

 scapula, UGAMNH1622; right P 4 , UGAMNH1623; left distal humerus, 

 UGAMNH1624; left proximal femur, UGAMNH1626; right distal humeral 

 epiphysis, UGAMNH1628; metatarsal diaphysial fragment, 

 UGAMNH1629; left proximal tibial fragment, UGAMNH1630; tooth 

 fragments, UF21239, 21281, 21282, 21285, 21288; distal humerus, UF21283; 

 horn core tip, UF21284. 



Remarks — These elements are definitely bovid but the available 

 material does not permit specific distinction. 



Bison bison (Linnaeus) 

 Bison 



Material— -Right M 2 , UGAMNH1620; left P 3 , UGAMNH1619; left 

 P 2 , UGAMNH1618; right M 2 , UGAMNH1617; molar UF2299. 



Remarks — While Jones et al. (1992) have employed Bos bison 

 for the American bison, we continue the traditional use of Bison 

 bison. Two species of bison are known from Florida. The giant 

 bison, B. latifrons, is known from Illinoian and Sangamonian and 

 survived up until the late Wisconsinan. The American buffalo or 

 bison, B. bison, was widespread throughout the Wisconsinan through 

 the Recent (Kurten and Anderson 1980). Bison is typically associated 

 with grasslands, though in the Southeast may well have ranged into 

 woodlands (Golley 1962, Stock 1963). It became extinct in the 

 southeastern United States early in the 19th Century. 



Bos taurus Linnaeus 

 Cow 



Material — Right proximal humeral diaphysis, UGAMNH 10863; left 

 scapula, UGAMNH1155; left ilium, UGAMNH1152, 1154; right metatarsal 

 diaphysis, UGAMNH117; right proximal humerus, 

 UGAMNH1177; right distal humerus, UGAMNH1176; orbital portion 

 of right maxilla, UGAMNH1 153; right proximal tibia, 

 UGAMNH1171; right distal femoral epiphysis, UGAMNH1172; right 

 astragalus, UGAMNH1173; distal phalanx, UGAMNH1174; metapodial, 

 UF21300. 



Remarks — Bos taurus was introduced into North America sometime 

 after 1492. All elements were poorly mineralized. The presence of 

 cow indicates the site has modern contaminants. 



