82 Carol E. Johnston 



males aligned by her side and vibrated; spawning then occurred. The 

 same female would often spawn in the same place several times in 

 succession. Spawning acts always attracted a swarm of other males to 

 the area. 



During peak spawning the entire body of a male N. chlorocephalus 

 was scarlet red, and all fins, especially the pectorals, were milky white. 

 When spawning activity was not as intense, males lost the scarlet color; 

 the body was then orange-red, and a lateral stripe was evident. Females 

 were not as brightly colored as males, and the lateral stripe was always 

 evident. 



Male N. chiliticus in peak spawning coloration had scarlet red 

 bodies, eyes, and lips. The head and fins were gold, and there was a gold 

 lateral stripe. Females had white bellies, silver bodies, red lips, and fins 

 that were orange at the base and yellow at the tips. Both sexes had dark 

 crescents of pigment on the sides of the body. 



The spawning act was not observed in H. hypsinotus, but tuber- 

 culate males were observed holding territories above the nests of N. 

 leptocephalus at the same time the spawning observations were made 

 for N. chiliticus. From 6 to 12 males were observed holding territories 

 10 to 15 cm above nests. Ripe females were collected downstream of 

 nests. The position of H. hypsinotus over the nests is similar to that of 

 C. funduloides, which was observed in spawning associations with N. 

 chlorocephalus. 



Male H. hypsinotus had metallic blue bodies with dark lateral 

 stripes and orange fins that were yellow at the base. Females were not 

 brightly colored. 



Eggs of different sizes were found in various stages of development 

 throughout Nocomis nests. More eggs appeared to be present in the 

 front (upstream side) and middle of nest tops, but samples were not 

 quantitative. 



Notropis chlorocephalus was observed over N. leptocephalus nests 

 from 10 to 26 May 1988. Luxilus coccogenis, Clinostomus funduloides, 

 Campostoma anomalum, and N. leptocephalus were also present over 

 these nests. Spawning fishes were not observed elsewhere in streams. 

 Thirteen nests were present in 0.4-km sections of streams at two 

 localities in the Catawba River drainage. Eight of these nests were active 

 (i.e. had associations of spawning fishes over them), and at least two 

 were active for the entire observation period (10 to 26 May). Notropis 

 chiliticus, H. hypsinotus, and N. leptocephalus associations were 

 observed only on 26 May 1988 in the Fisher River. Five nests were 

 present in a 0.4-km stream section, and two of these were active. 



Male N. leptocephalus were observed spawning and adding gravel 

 to nests in 18 of 27 observations. (Observations were made daily from 



