78 



Ronald A. Brandon and James E. Huheey 



sounds, and vibrations. The mice showed a characteristic and distinctive 

 behavior of attempting to escape the stimulus. Leg stretches, abdominal 

 compression, leg kicks, wobbly gait, quiescence, and irritability occurred 

 at all dosages, but most mice seemed gradually to overcome the effects. 

 Relatively larger dosages caused an increase in symptoms and one 

 resulted in death after 2 1/2 hours. 



The bioassay data are summarized in Table 2. Although all dosages 

 caused symptoms within the range of 300-12,456 mg/kg, only one 

 mouse died, at a dosage of 7,756 mg/kg. 



Table 2. Bioassay results of white mice injected 

 various salamanders. Dosage expressed 

 per kg mouse weight. 



Species Dosage (mg/kg) 



i.p. with crude skin extracts of 

 as mg salamander skin injected 



Result 



N 



Taricha torosa 

 T. granulosa 



20, 27 

 48, 75 



LD 50 



2 

 2 



Notophthalmus 

 viridescens 1 

 (efts, NC) 



143 ± 66 



X LD 5Q 



many 



Pseudotriton 

 ruber 2 



235 ± 110 



X LD 50 



11 



P. montanus 2 



532, 770, 2200, 

 3800 and above 



strong symptoms 

 lethal 



4 



1 



Gyrinophilus 

 porphyriticus 2 



up to 14,550 



strong symptoms 



4 



Eurycea 

 longicauda 



below 600 

 987 to 2673 



strong symptoms 

 3/9 lethal 



1 

 3 



E. lucifuga 2 



1,030 

 5,080 



strong symptoms 

 lethal 



1 

 1 



Desmognathus 

 monticola 2 



up to 5,100 



no symptoms 



1 



Desmognathus 

 brimleyorum 



2,824 to 11,296 



strong symptoms 



2 



Plethodon 









jordani 2 



up to 5,210 



no symptoms 



1 



P. glutinosus 2 



up to 4,000 



no symptoms 



1 



Ambystoma opacum 



up to 3,860 



symptoms 



1 



A. texanum 



998 to 8,256 



strong symptoms 



1 



controls 









distilled water 



up to 4 cc 



no symptoms 



many 



1 Brandon et al. 1979b 



2 Brandon and Huheey 1981 



