Pesticide and PCB Residues 109 



Values for PCB residues, usually associated with industrial or municipal 

 wastes, were higher than those for pesticides. They tended to be consist- 

 ently high (range 0.2-1.2 ppm) in both Coastal Plain and Piedmont sites 

 and among animals of all sizes; no effect of the reported spill is evident. 

 A 1971 pesticide monitoring study (Reeves et al. 1977) was con- 

 ducted in Wayne County (Piedmont) and Wilson County (Coastal 

 Plain) localities that lie between our collecting sites. Their samples were 

 taken before the use of DDT was phased out, but neither DDT nor 

 dieldrin was applied in 1971 to the areas sampled. Therefore, levels of 

 DDT, its metabolites, and dieldrin should represent nearly maximum 

 background levels for tissues. Frogs sampled at that time had lower 

 residues than N. lewisi sampled in the same general area, eight years 

 later. Fish sampled in the 1971 study had higher residues, particularly of 

 the short-lived contaminants. In the only previous study of residues in 

 salamanders, Dimond et al. (1968) found in Maine that DDT and its 

 metabolites in Plethodon cinereus reached an average of 0.8 ppm soon 

 after the area was sprayed, and took eight or nine years to drop to 

 background levels (< 0.01 ppm). 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.— We thank P. Freed, J. Reynolds, A. 

 Capparella, and E. Flowers, formerly of the N. C. State Museum 

 (NCSM), for assistance in various aspects of the project. J. E. Cooper, 

 E. H. Dustman, and J. C. Lewis edited drafts of the manuscript. The U. 

 S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Endangered Species; the North 

 Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; and the North Carolina State 

 Museum helped to fund work done by NCSM staff. 



LITERATURE CITED 



Dimond, J. B., R. E. Kadunce, A. S. Getchell and J. A. Blease. 1968. DDT 

 residue persistence in red-backed salamanders in a natural environment. 

 Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 5:194-202. 



Kaiser, T. E., W. L. Reichel, L. N. Locke, E. Cromartie, A. J. Krynitsky, T. G. 

 Lamont, B. M. Mulhern, R. M. Prouty, C. J. Stafford and D. M. Swine- 

 ford. 1980. Organochlorine pesticide, PCB, and PPB residues and necropsy 

 data for bald eagles from 29 states— 1975-1977. Pestic. Monk. J. 75:145-149. 



Reeves, R. G., D. W. Woodham, M. C. Ganyard and C. A. Bond. 1977. Preli- 

 minary monitoring of agricultural pesticides in a cooperative tobacco pest 

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