decreased, (2) salmon sold from hatcheries have had only a 



minimal effect on the prices of commercial salmon because 



poundage of hatchery salmon used for human consumption has been 



less than 5% of commercial landings, and (3) the effect that the 



sale of poor quality salmon has on the fresh market has been 



eliminated . 



Subject descriptors: 



Salmon; hatcheries; markets. 



095 



Stevens, Joe B.; Mattox, Bruce W. 



1973. 



Augmentation of salmon stocks through artificial propagation: 



methods and implications. 



Adam A. Sokoloski, editor, Ocean fishery management: discussions 



and research. U.S. Dep. Commer . , Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv. , NOAA 



Tech. Rep. Circ. 371, pp. 133-145. 



The Pacific Coast has 81 hatcneries that reai significant numbers 



of salmon and steelhead for sport and commercial fisheries. 



Annual operation and maintenance costs are $6.6 million. A 



production function analysis of 15 Oregon Fish Coirnriission 



hatcheries led to tentative conclusions that (1) controlled 



inputs were combined in fixed proportions, (2) constant returns 



to size were realized, and (3) some degree of factor substitution 



existed between the controlled "fixed proportion input" and water 



temperature. The latter relationship may allow hatchery managers 



to improve efficiency at the hatchery level. Uncertainty about 



the downstream environment, however, must be considered along 



with returns to scale for the hatchery production function when 



new investments are undertaken. Fixed asset theory was used to 



conceptualize exit and entry of salmon-harvesting resources 



between 1947 and 1966. Net entry followed years of good catches, 



but net exit did not occur following the bad years. If a major 



objective of hatchery programs is to augment fishermen's incomes, 



consideration must be given to increasing the opportunity costs 



of extant resources as well as to limiting entry of new 



resources. (Modified authors' abstract) . 



Subject descriptors: 



Salmon; hatcheries; costs; returns; economies of scale. 



096 



Wagner, Louis C. 



1973. 



An evaluation of the market for pan-sized salmon. 



U.S. Dep. Commer., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Market Ees. Serv. 



Div., Res. Contract Rep. N208-0344- 72N , 50 pp. 



During mid-1972 the first cultured, pan-sized salmon were test 



marketed in several U.S. cities, mostly on the West Coast. 



Information was gathered on market acceptance via interviews of 



brokers, wholesalers, and restaurateurs. Reactions are 



summarized by product characteristics and by market area. The 



43 



