In multidisciplinary research endeavors, objectives may be 



clearly defined but central evaluation lacking. Additionally, 



where models cannot be well specified, simulation techniques are 



unusable. For research directed towards commercial lobster 



aquaculture, the application of computerized budgeting in 



evaluating state-of-the-arts and in assessing alternative 



research strategies is illustrated. (Authors' abstract; more 



recent results of this research are annotated under Schuur and 



others. ) 



Subject descriptors: 



Lobsters; systems analysis; engineering design; costs. 



133 



Kensler, Craig B. 



1970. 



The potential of lobster culture. 



Amer. Fish Farmer World Aguacult. News (11): 8-12, 27. 



The author discusses past and present work with lobster culture, 



biological criteria, culture suitability, and problems of the 



lobster. The development rationale is expressed in terms of 



mentioning world supply-demand and price situations for this 



luxury-food crustacean. Hatchery efforts to augment natural 



stocks began in Europe in 1865 and in North America in 1885, rut 



their effectiveness and feasibility was never established. The 



"golden age" of lobster culture saw as many as 20 North American 



stations involved, of which only 1 remained in 1950. Recent 



price advances and general improvements in aquaculture technology 



help explain the present rationale for four major and other 



efforts to develop the state of the art of locster culture. 



Biological problems include the lobster's natural environment, 



temperature-related slow growth, cannibalism, territorial 



behavior, and possible high mortality in a culture environment, 



due to diet, disease, molting, cannibalism, or other factors. 



Subject descriptors: 



Lobsters; biology research; history; state of the art; R&D role. 



134 



Mock, C. R. 



1973. • 



Shrimp culture in Japan. 



Mar. Fish. Rev., 35(3,4): 71-74. 



In this extract of a longer paper, growing procedures, research, 



production data, and some economic forces are discussed. Live 



shrimp are used in preparing meals in tempura fashion, helping to 



explain high 197 1 prices for "Kuruma-£bi" (Penaeus japonicus) 



shrimp. (Annotator's note: "Kuruma" prawn prices in 1965 to 1970 



were 6 to 10 times the price for other prawns and shrimp in 



Japan.) "Kuruma-Ebi" cultured output doubled from 1964-65 to 



1967-69, but was less than 1 percent of utilization in all years; 



natural harvest declined, but was still about five times larger 



in 1969; imports dominate utilization. It is not economical to 



61 



