completely culture these shrimp and egg-bearing females are 



purchased from commercial fishermen. Increased feed costs and 



wages, and disease problems led to increased research. 



Subject descriptors: 



Shrimp; Japan; biology; research; technigues; production data; 



import data; general description. 



135 



Neal, Richard A. 



1973. 



Progress toward farming shrimp in the United States. 



Mar. Fish. Rev., 35 (3,4): 67-70. 



While no commercially viable U.S. shrimp farms exist today, 



growing demand and increasing prices, shrimp hatchery and farm 



trial efforts by private firms, government and university 



research on rearing methods, and various aspects of biology, 



physiology, and nutrition all suggest that methods may be 



sufficiently improved and costs sufficiently reduced to allow 



operation of a profitable U.S. shrimp farming industry sometime 



in the future. The proprietary nature of private firms' data and 



the experimental nature of government-university data preclude 



accurate cost estimates for commercial scale operations ror 



publication. Yet, the experimental work does provide the basis 



for guantifying some aspects of production, such as the output 



effects of fertilizer, feed and water exchange, and the 



growth-rate declines as shrimp reach 3 to 5 inches in size. 



Price alone would suggest growing shrimp beyond the 3- to 5-inch 



size (at which size the bait shrimp price exceeds the food shrimp 



price), since food shrimp prices increase faster than size as 



size increases. But mortality, labor, feed, and 



facility-opportunity costs of the farm operation must also fie 



considered. The article also discusses high mortality, 



inefficient feed use, other problems, and problem-oriented 



research . 



Subject descriptors: 



Shrimp; biology; technigues; research; problems; outlook. 



136 



Schuur, A.M.; Allen, P. G.; Botsford, L. M. 



1974. 



An analysis of three facilities for the commercial production of 



Homarus Americanus. 



Paper (number 74-5517) presented to the American Society of 



Agricultural Engineers, Dec. 10-13, 1974, Conrad Hilton, Chicago, 



111., 19 pp. 



Biological, physical and engineering aspects of lobster 



aguaculture are integrated via a flexible computer program. 



Variations in cost components of three design concepts—stacked 



trays, raceway, and silo — suggest that evaluation must be within 



a systems context. Under baseline assumptions the stacked tank 



proved least expensive ($3.60 per 500g) . The program contains 



62 



