The research market has requirement or preferences for particular 

 strains, and consequently the U.S. froq culture industry has 

 supplied pond or breeding stock, but its price (costs) have kept 

 it out of the direct-use aspects of this market. Frogs for food 

 (frog legs) and 50% of those used for educational purposes have 

 been imported from Japan and India, where there have been 

 successful pond culture industries since the the early 1900's. 

 However, the industries in these countries face increased 

 domestic demand, destruction of frog habitat, DDT contamination, 

 cr over-exploitation in varying combinations. Growing demand by 

 education and research groups has accelerated depletion of U.S. 

 wild stocks to the point where biological supply houses indicate 

 that they will be unable to justify collection and marketing 

 within the next 10 to 15 years. 

 Subject descriptors: 

 Frogs; indoor culture; demand; techniques; problems. 



154 



Shang, Yung C. 



1974. 



Economic potential of the eel industry in Taiwan. 

 Aguacult. 3 (4) : 415-423. 



Capital and operating costs are detailed. Sensitivity of annual 

 profits and return on investment to changes in survival rate, eel 

 price and seed eel price is demonstrated. The analysis is based 

 on data obtained in a 1973 survey of 30 eel farms. An aggregate 

 demand function for eel in Japan is estimated. Although demand 

 is growing, and Japanese eel imports come primarily from Taiwan 

 (96% in 1972), constraints on the supply of seed eel, along with 

 possible competition from the Peoples Republic of China in the 

 Japanese market represent significant problems. 

 Subject descriptors: 

 Eels; Taiwan; costs; revenue; returns; demand analysis; Japan. 



155 



Shang, Yung Cheng; Iversen, RoDert T. B. 



1971. 



The production of threadfin shad as live bait for Hawaii's 



skipjack tuna fishery: an economic feasibility study. 



Univ. Hawaii, Econ. Res. Cent., 42 pp. 



Nehu, a small anchovy, has been the predominant bait used in the 



Hawaiian skipjack tuna pole-and-line fishery, but catching nehu 



reguires about 30 to 40% of the fleet's time and nehu mortality 



is high. NMFS research has shown that the threadfin shad is a 



potential substitute and can oe cultured in ponds. Since no nehu 



bait market exists, the opportunity cost method, ana comparison 



of tuna catching rates and mortalities between the two bait 



fishes were used to estimate bait value. Investment feasibility 



was determined using the net present value (NPV) criterion and 



estimated data, which are shown in tables and figures. The NPV 



analysis involved two output levels, two levels of shad 



71 



