aquaculture in Hawaii, the future of aquaculture in Hawaii, 

 Hawaii's role in assisting development in the Pacific iaasin. 

 Speakers' presentations included items of interest to economists, 

 even though economics and marketing are mentioned specifically in 

 only two of the presentation titles. 

 Subject descriptors: 

 Hawaii; outlook; R&D role. 



185 



Asakawa, Kenji. 

 1961 . 



Inland water fishing in Communist China. 



Development of the Fishing Industry in Communist China, pp. 

 24-45. (Copy of translation available on loan from NMFS.) 

 The author discusses the growth of inland water fishing in the 

 Peoples Republic of China. Prior to 1957, most of the output 

 increase came from expanded fishing of inland waters, and this is 

 associated with land reform (1950-52), the formation of 

 cooperatives (virtually completed for fishermen by 1956), and 

 Government policies during the first 5-year plan (1953-57). 

 After 1958, communes, water resource projects, increased emphasis 

 on the development of agriculture and fishing after the first 

 5-year plan, and the nation's climate and water endowments are 

 cited in explaining the growth in output of fish breeding [here, 

 assumed to mean freshwater aquaculture]. Other factors of 

 importance are the alteration of consumer tastes and production 

 activities, improved breeding techniques, and the locational 

 advantage of fish breeding relative to the newly industrialized 

 inland cities. Inland water fishing output was about 0.37 to 

 0.45 million metric tons in 1936, or about 25% to 30% of the 

 nation's total fish catch. In 1959, the inland water catch came 

 to 2.28 million metric tons (45%) of the nation's total catch, 

 5.02 million metric tons, freshwater aquaculture accounting for 

 0.81 million metric tons (16%) of this. Problems include the 

 adequacy of seed stocks, water availability during droughts, 

 expected deterioration of water quality in industrialized areas 

 and the inability of freshwater aquaculture production growth to 

 keep pace with fish consumption growth. It is expected that the 

 nation will turn to ocean fisheries for increased production, 

 since the maximum water area available [allocated?] for inland 

 fish culture is 3.33 million ha, of which 1.0 million ha were in 

 use in 1957, 2.0 million ha in 1958, and 3.0 million ha in 1959. 

 Subject descriptors: 



Peoples Republic of China; history; production data; country 

 data; development rationale; institutions. 



85 



