Subject descriptors: 



Economic development role; development planning; technology 



transfer; model. 



191 



Bond, B. J.; Madewell, Carl E. ; Martin, John B.; Mays, David A. 

 1973. 



T.V.A. pro jects--benef icial uses of waste heat. 



Paper presented at National Conference on Complete WateReuse, 

 Wash., D.C. April 23 to 27, 1973, 20 pp. 



TVA projects show several ways in which the energy or heat 

 discharged at condensers of powerplants can be used for 

 agricultural and aguacultural development. The use of warm water 

 heat exchangers to replace conventional greenhouse heating and 

 cooling equipment, the use of warm water pumped thru raceways in 

 catfish production, hot water use for heating livestock and 

 poultry houses, and hot water use for recycling nutrients from 

 livestock wastes are all discussed, and a few results from actual 

 TVA experiments are given. The treatise on catfish production in 

 warm water cites reasons why a new development like this is 

 needed. Technigues and results of an experiment are outlined as 

 well as the various problems involved which now prevent the new 

 warm water system from commercialization. The authors also 

 recognize managerial and environmental issues connected with 

 adoption of the new plan. Results of the experiment did show 

 that growth rates of catfish were significantly enhanced by the 

 addition of heated water and that the growing season was 

 significantly lengthened, though no data are given in the paper. 

 Subject descriptors: 

 Powerplant heat use; benefits; techniques. 



192 



Boozer, David. 

 1973. 



Tropical fish farming. 



Amer. Fish Farmer World Aquacult. News 4(8) : 4-5. 



Some of the tropical fish industry's problems include the adverse 

 effect of the protein shortage, increasing feed costs, and some 

 unfair selling and pricing policies within the industry. Sales 

 of ornamental fish account for more than $200 million in retail 

 sales in the United States. Some 20% of the fish are imported 

 mainly from the Caribbean and South America. The rest is raised 

 domestically. About 150,000 retail outlets sell tropical fish; a 

 minimum of 20% of the over 7,000 pet shops deal exclusively in 

 fish. Tropical fish represent the second largest hobby in the 

 U.S. as 20 to 26 million households have aquariums. Approxi- 

 mately 500 million tropical fish are owned by households. A sur- 

 vey cited gives figures showing that the likelihood of having an 

 aquarium increases with family size. 

 Subject descriptors: 



Tropical fish; ornamental fish; general description; consumption 

 data; survey data. 



