shellfish, the potential for sea farming in Washington, the 

 potential economic impact, and institutional constraints. U. S. 

 past and projected consumption, production, and import trends are 

 discussed. Washington resources, adverse fishery changes 

 (pollution and development related) , and recent aquaculture 

 developments are discussed, along with the technical requirements 

 for several culture systems (feedlots, grazing, hatcheries) . The 

 authors provide estimates of the net inflow of money payments to 

 Washington State from three kinds of culture operations and 

 developments. The discussion of institutions centers around 

 property rights, ownership and control, and the necessity of 

 sufficiently long tenure to assure investment. The mariculture 

 medium, the coastal "water column" and sea floor, is viewed as a 

 common property natural resource. 

 Subject descriptors: 



Benefits; demand; development rationale; benefit-cost analysis; 

 evaluation. 



219 



Joyner, Timothy; Safsten, C. Gunnar. 



1971. 



Prospects for sea farming in Pacific Northwest. 



Mar. Fish. Eev. 33(9): 22-26. 



Mariculture may have many benefits, including an economic 



incentive to control despoilment of coastal waters by other 



industrial and urban activities. Specific attention is given to 



the Puget Sound area of the Pacific Northwest. Mariculture 



systems (feedlots, grazing, and hatcheries) and their products 



are explained. Products include salmon, oysters, prawns, and 



seaweeds. The state of the art, stage of development, research, 



and the commercial feasibility outlook for these products are 



discussed. 



Subject descriptors: 



Benefits; methods; development stage. 



220 



Kildow, Judith; Huguenin, John £. 



1974. 



Problems and potentials of recycling wastes for aquaculture. 



Mass. Inst. Tech., Sea Grant Rep. No. MITSG 74-27, 170 pp. 



Contents include the use of thermal and domestic sewage effluent 



in marine aquaculture, related problems and advantages, and 



social, legal, political, and economic factors in marine 



waste-food recycling systems. Legal aspects, consumer 



acceptance, and marketing strategies are discussed in detail to 



indicate that care must be taken to avoid past errors and 



possible problems. Appendices contain references, a decision 



making model, proposed EPA rules, pilot consumer survey results, 



and other information. 



Subject descriptors: 



Power plant heat use; sewage effluent use. 



101 



