226 



Mcore, J. Jamison. 



1970. 



The ocean--an economic perspective. 



Mar. Tech. Sec. J. 4(6): 33-37. 



The results of three surveys of ocean-oriented industries and 



activities (1963, 1966, and 1969) are discussed and used to 



estimate past and future investment growth. Limitations and 



problems are discussed. Estimated annual expenditures are $7.9 



billion. The total investment (capital or asset level) is $165.2 



billion (1968-69), and it is estimated to increase 47% by 1980 



and threefold by 2000. Coastal zone capital will increase at a 



faster rate, 76% by 1980. Aquaculture investment is included in 



one of four resource categories without a separate amount, and 



petroleum is the most important among these four categories. 



Rapid coastal zone growth (where aquaculture development is 



expected to occur) will bring problems of management (competing, 



compatible, and low- and high-density uses). 



Subject descriptors: 



Investment; forecasts; outlook; survey data. 



227 



Nash, Colin. 



1972. 



Marine fish farming development. 



Proceedings, Kauai Aquaculture Conference, Lihue, Kauai, June 25, 



1972, pp. 22-28. 



Under three headings (general considerations, economic and 



technical factors, and conclusions) , recommendations of possible 



finfish species for Hawaiian aquaculture are made. The followinq 



economic and technical factors are considered, with supportive 



discussion and both input-output and price range estimates where 



appropriate: local environmental advantages and disadvantages, 



juvenile availability, costs of suitable food and labor, growth 



time to market size, original stock survival, commercial value 



(price) , and cost of facilities. It is concluded that Hawaii has 



certain limitations respecting the culture of finfish, such as 



limited markets, feeds for carnivores, and suitable offshore 



topography. Yet, the water quality is high and technical 



expertise is available. The tropical or semitropical carnivores, 



dolphin (mahimahi) , and grouper are suggested for consideration, 



along with the herbivores or omnivores, mullet, and rabbitfish 



species. Even so, cultural methods specific to these fish are 



not ready for use, and the prospects for immediate commercial 



culture are consequently not qood. Yet, it is believed that 



investment in R&D and pilot operations, if carefully made, will 



payoff. 



Subject descriptors: 



Hawaii; species selection; outlook; development rationale; 



problems. 



104 



