Lang, Michael A., and Harold Gainer. 



1968. Control of cell volume in single muscle 

 fibers. Federation Proceedings, vol. 27, p. 

 701. 



The volumes of muscle fibers from C. 

 sctpidus in hypotonic salines increased to 

 new steady state levels, but then with time 

 decreased towards their initial volumes in 

 control salines. When returned to control 

 salines their volumes fell below the initial 

 values. 

 1969a. Volume control by muscle fibers of 

 the blue crab. Volume readjustment in hypo- 

 tonic salines. Journal of General Physiology, 

 vol. 53, No. 3, p. 323-341. 



Single isolated muscle fibers from the 

 walking legs of C. sctpidus act as Boyle-van 't 

 Hoff osmometers with an osmotically 

 inactive volume of 33 percent. Volume 

 readjustment is initiated by the increase in 

 cell volume in hypotonic salines and 

 appears to be dependent on the duration of 

 exposure to external Na, Na concentration, 

 and the pH of the external medium. 

 1969b. Isosmotic intracellular regulation as a 

 mechanism of volume control in crab muscle 

 fibers. Comparative Biochemistry and Physi- 

 ology, vol. 30, No. 3, p. 445-456. 



Nonprotein ninhydrin-positive substances 

 were lost from blue crab muscles in 

 volume-readjustment in hypotonic sodium 

 salines. Studies indicated that this com- 

 ponent is a fraction of the large intra- 

 cellular pool of free amino acids in crab 

 muscle, and that free amino acids are being 

 actively transported out of the muscles 

 during volume-readjustment. 



Lee, Charles F., George M. Knobl, Jr., Robert K. 

 Abernethy, and Emmett F. Deady. 



1963. Mechanizing the blue crab industry. 



Part 2. Measures for immediate relief through 



worker specialization. Commercial Fisheries 



Review, vol. 25, No. 8, p. 1-5. 



Picking operation can be improved by using 

 each worker's skill maximally, by choosing 

 workers for teams according to special 

 skills, and by improving the method of 

 material transport among workers. 



Lee, Charles F., George M. Knobl, Jr., and 

 Emmett F. Deady. 



1963. Mechanizing the blue crab industry. 

 Part 1. Survey of processing plants. Commer- 

 cial Fisheries Review, vol. 25, No. 7, p. 1-10. 



Survey of over 60 plants to determine the 

 need for mechanization and the type of 

 machines needed. Concluded that the 

 industry was in serious need of debacking, 

 cleaning, and picking machines to replace 

 hand operations. 



1964. Mechanizing the blue crab industry. 

 Part 3. Strengthening the industry's economic 

 position. Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 

 26, No. l,p. 1-7. 



Indicates how the economic position of the 

 industry can be strengthened by mechani- 

 zation, developing additional markets, and 

 increasing the supply of raw crabs. 



Lee, Charles F., and F. Bruce Sanford. 



1962. Soft crab industry. Commercial Fisher- 

 ies Review, vol. 24, No. 1, p. 10-12. 



Landings and value of soft blue crabs from 

 New Jersey to Louisiana in 1958. Growth 

 of industry in the southern states. "Green" 

 and peeler stages, prior to molting, are 

 defined. Shells begin to toughen within the 

 hour after molting unless removed from the 

 water. Most soft crabs are shipped alive, 

 but an increasing number are being frozen. 

 1964. Crab industry of Chesapeake Bay and 

 the south— an industry in transition. Commer- 

 cial Fisheries Review, vol. 26, No. 12, p. 1-12. 

 The blue crab industry is in the initial stage 

 of change from hand preparation to 

 machine preparation. It also is studying its 

 methods of capturing and marketing crabs. 



Leidy, Joseph. 



1855. Contributions towards a knowledge of 

 the marine invertebrate fauna, of the coasts of 

 Rhode Island and New Jersey. Journal of the 

 Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 

 2nd Series, vol. 3, Article 11, p. 135-152. 

 Locations in New Jersey and Rhode Island 

 where the blue crab (listed as Lupa dican- 

 tha) was found. 

 1889. Remarks on the fauna of Beach Haven, 

 N. J. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural 

 Sciences of Philadelphia, 1888, vol. 40, p. 

 329-333. 



The blue crab often occurred in the bays in 

 great numbers. A decrease one summer was 



43 



