as those baited with the more expensive 

 fresh or frozen fish. 



Sandholzer, Leslie A. 



1945. The effect of DDT upon the Chesa- 

 peake Bay blue crab (Callinectes sapidus). 

 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fishery Market 

 News, vol. 7, No. 11, p. 2-4. 



The author concluded, from results of 

 experiments in 25-gallon tubs in which 

 hard- and soft-shell crabs were subjected to 

 different concentrations of DDT (1-20 

 p. p.m.), that the possibility of the blue 

 crab being seriously injured by DDT as it is 

 commonly applied to water (one-half 

 pound per acre) is very remote. 



Sandoz, Mildred. 



1943. Steps toward crab conservation in 

 Chesapeake Bay. Commonwealth, Vol. 10, 

 No. 7, p. 1-6. 



Report on the decline of the crab fishery in 

 Chesapeake Bay which began in 1940. The 

 effectiveness of sanctuaries in Virginia to 

 protect brood stock or shedder crabs could 

 not be evaluated. Experiments indicated 

 that the optimum salinity for hatching of 

 eggs was 23 to 30 p.p.t. at 19 to 29° C. 



Sandoz, Mildred, and Sewell H. Hopkins. 



1944. Zoeal larvae of the blue crab Callinectes 

 sapidus Rathbun. Journal of the Washington 

 Academy of Sciences, vol. 34, No. 4, p. 

 132-133. 



Eggs heavily infected with fungi or bacteria 

 and those kept under unfavorable salinity 

 (outside the range of 23-30 p.p.t.) and 

 temperature (outside the range of 19-29° 

 C.) failed to hatch in the laboratory or 

 hatched into prezoeae. The first three zoeal 

 stages were reared; the third differed 

 markedly from earlier descriptions. 



Sandoz, Mildred, and Rosalie Rogers. 



1944. The effect of environmental factors on 

 hatching, moulting, and survival of zoea larvae 

 of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun. 

 Ecology, vol. 25, No. 2, p. 216-228. 



Experimental data indicated that hatching 

 generally occurs in 11 to 14 days at 

 optimum salinity of 23 to 28 p.p.t. Eggs 

 did not hatch outside of the range of 19 to 



29° C. Identity of three larval stages was 

 established. Food and feeding of zoeae is 

 discussed. 



Sandoz, Mildred, Rosalie Rogers, and Curtis L. 

 Newcombe. 



1944. Fungus infection of eggs of the blue 

 crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun. Science, 

 vol. 99, No. 2563, p. 124-125. 



Identified the fungi as Lagenidium callin- 

 ectes, the primary parasite, and Rhizo- 

 phidium sp. which may be parasitic or 

 saprophytic. Infected egg masses suspended 

 in the York River, Va., failed to hatch. 



Sawyer, Thomas K. 



1969. Preliminary study on the epizootiology 

 and host-parasite relationship of Paramoeba 

 sp. in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. 

 Proceedings of the National Shellfisheries 

 Association, vol. 59, p. 60-64. 



Peeler (pre-molt) crabs were examined in 

 commercial plants during peak mortality, 

 and hard (inter-molt) crabs taken by trawl 

 were examined after the mortality subsided 

 (Chincoteague Bay, Va.). Thirty -five per- 

 cent (43 of 121) of the peeler and 8 

 percent of the hard crabs (12 of 156) were 

 positive by hemolymph examination. The 

 rate of infection decreased to a low level 

 after the first period of serious mortality. 

 Histopathologic studies are required to 

 determine whether there is a tissue phase of 

 Paramoeba sp. 



Say, Thomas. 



1817. An account of the Crustacea of the 

 United States. Journal of the Academy of 

 Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. 1, No. 

 5, p. 65-444. 



Lupa hastata = C. sapidus (p. 65-67, 

 443-444): Description, human food value, 

 food and feeding habits, infestation by 

 worms resembling an Ascaris, regeneration 

 of legs, and occurrence 100 miles upstream 

 in the St. Johns River, Fla. 



Scattergood, Leslie W. 



1960. Blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) in 

 Maine. Maine Field Naturalist, vol. 16, No. 3, 

 p. 59-63. 



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