the importance of the parasite as a mor- 

 tality factor in crabs is unknown. 

 1966. Two new species of Plistophora (Micro- 

 sporia^, Nosematidae) in decapods, with par- 

 ticular reference to one in the blue crab. 

 Journal of Protozoology, vol. 13, No. 2, p. 

 196-199. 



Plistophora cargoi n. sp., found in the 

 muscles of the blue crab, is described. No 

 knowledge of its significance in crab mor- 

 talities. 



Sprague, Victor, Sanford H. Vernick, and Boli- 

 var J. Lloyd, Jr. 



1968. The fine structure of Nosema sp. 

 Sprague, 1965. (Microsporida, Nosematidae) 

 with particular reference to stages in sporo- 

 gony. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, vol. 

 12, No. 1, p. 105-117. 



Stages of Nosema sp. in the skeletal muscle 

 of an experimentally infected crab, C. 

 sapidus, were observed by electron micro- 

 scopy. 



Sprague, Victor, and Robert L. Beckett. 



1966. A disease of blue crabs (Callinectes 

 sapidus) in Maryland and Virginia. Journal of 

 Invertebrate Pathology, vol. 8, No. 2, p. 

 287-289. 



A characteristic syndrome accompanying 

 mortalities. When viewed ventrally, the 

 body and appendages often have a grayish 

 appearance ("gray crab disease"). Smears 

 of body fluids and sections of different 

 tissues showed many amoeboid cells, each 

 characterized by a pair of conspicuous and 

 dissimilar nucleuslike bodies. These may be 

 blood cells which become infected with a 

 virus while being produced and then con- 

 tinue to grow in the circulatory system. 



1968. The nature of the etiological agent of 

 "gray crab" disease. Journal of Invertebrate 

 Pathology, vol. 11, No. 3, p. 503. 



No morphological difference observed 

 between Paramoeba eilhardi, known only 

 as a free living species, and Paramoeba sp., 

 known only as a parasite of the blue crab. 

 The parasite is a common and serious cause 

 of mortalities among crabs held in shedding 

 tanks by dealers in soft crabs. 



Sprague, Victor, Robert L. Beckett, and Thomas 

 K. Sawyer. 



1969. A new species of Paramoeba 

 (Amoebida, Paramoebidae) parasitic in the 

 crab Callinectes sapidus. Journal of Inverte- 

 brate Pathology, vol. 14, No. 2, p. 167-174. 



A new species of Paramoeba was distinct 

 from Paramoeba eilhardi. The name P. 

 perniciosa sp. n. was proposed. It is the 

 cause of a disease syndrome ("gray crab 

 disease") accompanying mortalities of blue 

 crabs in Maryland and Virginia. 



Springer, P. F., and J. R. Webster. 



1951. Biological effects of DDT applications 

 on tidal salt marshes. Mosquito News, vol. 11, 

 p. 67-74. 



Applications of 0.25 pound of DDT per 

 acre resulted in a 20 to 40 percent reduc- 

 tion of blue crabs. Crab deaths continued 

 for 7 days after treatment. 



Stansby, Maurice E., and Alice S. Hall. 



1967. Chemical composition of commercially 

 important fish of the United States. Fishery 

 Industrial Research, vol. 3, No. 4, p. 29-46. 



Data on the composition of important 

 American food fish (including the blue 

 crab) are tabulated with respect to proxi- 

 mate composition, content of water, 

 minerals, proteins, amino acids, lipids, vita- 

 mins, and other constituents. 



Steenis, John H. 



1968. Pest plant control with herbicides, p. 

 140-148. In John D. Newsom [ed.] Pro- 

 ceedings of the marsh and estuary manage- 

 ment symposium, Louisiana State University, 



1967. Thos. J. Moran's Sons, Inc., Baton 

 Rouge. 



After treatment to control the growth of 

 water milfoil, toxicological studies with the 

 butoxyethanol ester of 2,4-D on blue crabs, 

 oysters, clams, and various finfish have 

 shown no primary lethal effect on these 

 animals and other associated life-chain 

 organisms. 



Stephenson, W., W. T. Williams, and G. N. 

 Lance. 



1968. Numerical approaches to the relation- 

 ships of certain swimming crabs (Crustacea: 

 Portunidae). Proceedings of the U.S. National 



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