and Maryland (including the ocean-crab 



catch). 

 1965b. License records of the blue crab 

 fisheries, Virginia and Maryland, 1898-1960. 

 Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Glou- 

 cester Point, Data Report No. 3, 15 p. 



Provides number of crabbers (by gear), 



buyers, packers, and shippers. 



Vernberg, F. John. 



1956. Study of the oxygen consumption of 

 excised tissues of certain marine decapod 

 Crustacea in relation to habitat. Physiological 

 Zoology, vol. 29, No. 3, p. 227-234. 



The oxygen uptake of gill tissue and 

 midgut gland was determined for terres- 

 trial, intertidal, and below low tide 

 (including the blue crab) animals. A direct 

 correlation between metabolism and basic 

 activity of the organism was evident. 

 1962. The role of tissue metabolism in the 

 seasonal distribution of decapod crustaceans. 

 American Zoologist, vol. 2, No. 3, p. 455. 

 Abstract only. 



The metabolic-temperature curves of 

 tissues from C. sapidus, Cancer irroratus, 

 Libinia emarginata, and Uca minax were 

 determined. Seasonal variation in metabolic 

 rates suggested adaptive responses which 

 were correlated with temperature acclima- 

 tion phenomena. 



Vernberg, F. John, and Winona B. Vernberg. 

 1969. Thermal influence on invertebrate 

 respiration. Chesapeake Science, vol. 10, No. 

 3-4, p. 234-240. 



Temperatures at which there is a change in 

 activity of cytochrome c oxidase in gill, 

 muscle, and midgut gland tissue from cold- 

 and warm-acclimated C. sapidus, Ocypode 

 quadratus and Libinia emarginata. 



Vernberg, Winona B., and F. John Vernberg. 

 1967. Respiratory adaptations in Crustacea 

 from different habitats. American Zoologist, 

 vol. 7, No. 4, p. 765-766. Abstract only. 



Cytochrome c oxidase activity was assayed 

 spectrophotometrically to determine dif- 

 ferences in the respiratory rate of tissues of 

 crabs from semiterrestrial (Ocypode quad- 

 ratus), shallow water (C. sapidus), and deep 

 water (Libinia emarginata) habitats. 



1968. Physiological diversity in metabolism in 

 marine and terrestrial Crustacea. American 

 Zoologist, vol. 8, No. 3, p. 449-458. 



Metabolic adaption to increased terrestrial- 

 ism, considering respiratory adaptions as 

 reflected by comparative cytochrome c 

 oxidase activity in tissues of crabs from 

 aquatic and terrestrial habitats, and the 

 thermal acclimation patterns in cyto- 

 chrome c oxidase activity in tissues from 

 these crabs. Species of crabs studied were 

 C. sapidus, Ocypode quadrata, and Libinia 

 emarginata; the tissues, gill, muscle, and 

 midgut gland. 



Verill, A. E. 



1873. Report upon the invertebrate animals 

 of Vineyard Sound and the adjacent waters, 

 with an account of the physical characters of 

 the region. U.S. Commissioner of Fish and 

 Fisheries, Report for 1871-72, p. 295-778. 

 The character of the fauna of different 

 habitats. The blue crab was common along 

 muddy shores (young, close to shore; 

 adults, among eelgrass away from shore and 

 in brackish waters of estuaries) and also 

 was considered a free-swimming and sur- 

 face animal. Foods of many species of fish 

 are given; blue crabs occurred only in the 

 stomachs of toadfish. The leech, Myzob- 

 della lugubris, reportedly adheres to the 

 legs of the blue crab. 



Vinogradov, A. P. 



1953. The elementary chemical composition 

 of marine organisms. Sears Foundation for 

 Marine Research, Yale University, New 

 Haven, Memoir No. 2, 647 p. 



Concentrations of iron, copper, zinc, and 

 manganese in the blue crab (dry and living 

 matter). Quantities of iodine and water. 

 Lead in the carapace. Copper in the blood. 

 Occurrence of the respiratory pigment, 

 hemocyanin. Calcium metabolism in blue 

 crabs during molting. 



Viosca, Percy, Jr. 



1953. About crabs. Louisiana Conservationist, 

 vol.6, No. 1, p. 14, 16-18. 



Popular account of blue crab life history, 

 growth, food, and predators. 



74 



