FOREST AND STREAM. 
53 
we have; and it is probable that many foreign varieties, if 
introduced here, would give better results than the fish 
already found in our waters. These matters it is now the 
province of the aquaculturist to investigate. The habits of 
the salmonidte have been thoroughly studied, and the breed¬ 
ing of the shad has been made a perfect success. Here and 
there we have progress to record in a new direction. A 
good deal is known about the perch. The eggs have been 
successfully taken and hatched, and something is known of 
their habits and food. The eggs of the pike perch, or wall 
eyed pike, have been artificially hatched, but the results of 
the experiments have not yet been entirely satisfactory. A 
commencement was made on the striped bass last year by 
Holton, (by whose untimely decease fish culture loses much.) 
But The bass family have thus far turned a deaf ear to the 
voice of the charmer, and their domestic arrangements are 
still carried on without the aid oi the American Fish 
Culturists’ Association. 
I meant to say something about stocking ponds with bass, 
&c. and shall have to defer it till another time. But I have 
noticed some of the points on which fish culturists in this 
country are pretty well informed and the directions in which 
they are now at work. Our object is this: The supply of 
water, range of temperature, &c., of any pond or stream 
being given, to find the best fish for that place, the means 
of feeding fish at a less cost than its market price, and 
the means of having an annual crop for market and still 
keeping up the supply. 
Caledonia, NT. Y. 
- -«- 
An Important Amendment. —The amendment suggest¬ 
ed by George Sheppard Page, Esq., at the recent conven¬ 
tion of the American Fish Culturists’ Association, and car¬ 
ried, is a most excellent one. There should be nothing like 
exclusiveness about the action of the American Piscicul¬ 
turists. The amendment was to change section 2d, article 
2d of the Constitution, by striking out the words, “All Fish 
Culturists,” and inserting-the words, “anyperson” So 
that to-day any one is eligible to membership in the Asso¬ 
ciation. This most excellent change will much increase 
the influence of the Association. 
—Various methods have been devised to aerate the water 
in transporting fish, so as to avoid the necessity of chang¬ 
ing it. The oldest is an air-pump attached to the side of 
the tank, by means of which air is forced into the lower 
portion of the tank, and the water is recharged with oxy¬ 
gen. A recent one, suggested by one of Commissioner 
Slack’s assistants, consists of a tin cylinder, about eighteen 
inches in length and three or four inches in diameter. A 
hoop-handle crosses ohe end of the cylinder, and the other 
end is closed, forming a bottom. The sides and bottom are 
pierced with numerous small holes. When the cylinder is 
forced downward, into the tank, the water rushes in through 
the perforations, and as the cylinder is withdrawn the water 
rushes out, creating great ebullition of air, which, of course, 
reimpregnates the water to a very considerable extent. 
—An interesting peculiarity in the habits of some Indian 
Siluroid fishes has been noticed at a recent meeting of the 
Zoological Society of London, by Surgeon F. Day. Mr. 
Day, when fishing at Cassegode, found that, after having 
caught a large number of specimens of various species of 
Arms and Osteogeniosus , there v ere several siluroid eggs at 
the bottom of the boats, and in the fisli-baskets. These 
eggs were, on an average, half-an-inch in diameter; and on 
looking into the mouths of several of the males ot both 
genera, from fifteen to twenty eggs were seen in each; 
those in the boats and baskets having evidently dropped out 
from a similar situation. The eggs were in different stages 
of development, some advanced so far as to be just hatched. 
They filled the mouth, extending as far back as the 
branchiae. No food was found in the alimentary canal, 
though in the females it was full of nutriment. 
—In Brewster, Mass., Messrs. Parker and Winslow are 
interested in the laudable pursuit of trout raising, and have 
a pond which contains 1,000 two-years’-old; 2,000 one-year- 
old; 80,000 spawn have been taken the last two months, 
and 50,000 young are now in the different stages of develop¬ 
ment. There are two kinds, the salmon trout and brook 
trout. 
—The Waldoboro’ JYews , Me.', says that Messrs. Everleth 
& Weston received at their Trout Breeding Establishment 
in that town Wednesday, 18th, 100,000 salmon eggs. They 
were sent there from the State establishment at Bucksport, 
for the purpose of being hatched. They will then be used 
for stocking the Medomak and Georges Rivers with salmon. 
Dr. Everleth thinks they will have attained a sufficient 
growth to place in the brooks running into those rivers 
sometime in April. Messrs. Everleth & Weston have about 
seventy thousand young trout just hatched, and several 
thousand, one, two and three years of age. Salmon eggs 
are about the size of an ordinary pea, and through the 
transparent shell the young fish can be plainly seen and 
their motions observed." 
—Mr. Ellis Weston, of Wenham, Mass., has transported 
500 young trout, of his own raising, to West Falmouth, 
with which to stock a pond for Dr. Thayer, of that town. 
Mr. Weston has excellent conveniences for conveying trout, 
and those wishing to stock ponds could not do better than 
to negotiate with him. 
PARLOR OR WINDOW GARDENING. 
-- 
Concluding Number—The Sub-tropical. 
“Fair forms of flowers, and chiefly that tall fern 
So stately, of the Queen Osmunda named; 
Plant lovelier in its own retired abode 
On Grassmere’s beach than Naiad by the side 
Of Grecian brook, or Lady of the Mene, 
Sole sitting by the shore yf old romance.” 
EOGRESS of window gardening, as developed In the 
sub-tropical arrangement of plants made the first por¬ 
tion of this continued paper from No. VIII. In this con¬ 
cluding paper we take up the subject at the point we left 
the same. We had carried our pupil through the various 
preparatory arrangements of box making, and of filling 
the box with the different kinds of earth necessary for the 
successful cultivation of the plants we had named. We 
left our window garden still in an unfinishe l condition, but 
really perfect in all its parts as far as it was completed. 
Having your soils correctly prepared for the different 
kinds of plants, you are now ready to introduce around the 
sides and at the base of your aquarium the representatives 
of many climes and the denizens of many soils. This you 
will notice is a very nice work, and you will fail of success 
if exceeding carefulness is not exercised. In giving the 
above directions, I have aimed at making my remarks as 
plain as possible to the end that there may be no failure of 
success on the part of those who venture to follow out my 
suggestions. And there need be no failure if the necessary 
care is exercised. 
Did you never visit in mid-summer some deeply shaded 
glen—a ravine, perhaps—of some few feet only in width at 
the bottom, walled up on each side with an almost impen¬ 
etrable wall? Such a wall you would scarcely think of 
climbing. You stand still beneath the deep, dark foliage 
of the overhanging trees; you look with rapt enthusi¬ 
asm upon the creeping mosses, the overhanging ferns, 
and delightful tracery that adorn its steep ascent. All this 
vision of loveliness is before you, and you drink in like an 
inspiration from paradise the fragrance of many flowers. 
You listen to the murmur of the brooklet that rolls spark¬ 
ling at your feet, and feel that all this beauty is but a 
dream—cannot be a reality; and if the reader would have 
a better conception of what we here describe he may be¬ 
hold just such a beautiful transcript of nature in the ravine 
of the Wissihawkin. Such places as this, and far more 
beautiful, have I seen, and wfiiich at certain seasons of the 
year glowed with all the gorgeousness of an Oriental 
paradise. From such wild and beautiful places of 
earth the true inspiration of high art is drawn. And the 
educated landscape’ gardener who cairiot take his scrap 
book in hand, and with his pencil and brush transfer a por¬ 
tion of all this beauty to its pages, to be again recreated, is 
unworthy to practice so noble, so elevating an art. - And 
here is where I would have you study well the crude mod¬ 
els you may chance to look upon in your daily outdoor 
walks. But be not a copjust, or a servile imitator in mi¬ 
nute details, but receive the hints nature is ever holding 
out to you, and from them make a grand study. True, the 
out-of-door rockery, with its broad base rising from a well 
planned lakelet, the shady island, with its grandeur of 
evergreens, are objects well worthy of your study and imi¬ 
tation, and of which we may speak more fully hereafter. 
So are our miniature tropical plants within our winter par¬ 
lor windows equally beautiful, and require, in fact, more 
of the artistic treatment than our lakelets and islands. We 
proceed now to the closing up of our window garden in 
the parlor, and the closing up of our already long and (per¬ 
haps to some tiresome) elaborate series of articles upon 
indoor gardening. 
Your arrangement of a large box, and the addition of a 
Wardian case of ferns, or a parlor aquariam, can now be 
made with very little work and care. You will set either 
of these adornments within the centre of your box of earth, 
and add to your plants already placed such large leaved 
plants of tropical charatcter and habits as may best suit 
your fancy. We name a few only of easy cultivation 
among the water loving plants—the calla lily , calladiums 
(different kinds), canneas , Begonia rex, ferns (as the Ora- 
maerops excelsia), dracaenas , marce Act, tradescantia , lambusa , 
hedychium , etc. The Oaladium molaceum is a fine plant. 
The Aralia sieboldi, orchids, etc., may be placed amid the 
crevices of the rock work with fine effect. 
If an aquarium is placed within this window you can 
make choice of any form that may suit your fancy, and 
the necessary kinds of water plants wherewith to plant, 
and the fish to place in the same, will be cheerfully fur¬ 
nished by the one of whom you purchased your aquarium. 
Thus we have carried you through a series of eight num¬ 
bers concerning the different styles and manner of growing 
plants in winter with ordinary care. And wishing you 
every success and encouragement for your labor, we sub¬ 
scribe ourself 
Yours to command, Ollipod Quill. 
and July, and place them in a large pond, to a\vait the 
period of reproduction. Here they remain until October or 
November, when the instinct of spawning seizes them, and 
they run down into the outlet of the pond, where the 
liatching-works are situated. The spawn is removed by 
gentle pressure into a vessel, and fertilized, and the parent 
fish returned alive to the water, and allowed ultimately to 
run down to the sea. Previously, however, they are mark 
ed by a laoel, so as to determine" whether any come back 
again; and in this event to ascertain the growth and increase 
of weight in the interval, their original length and weight 
being recorded. 
These eggs are then brought forward to a proper degree 
of development, and finally distributed to State Commis¬ 
sioners, by whom the operation is completed, and the 
young placed in the public waters of the States. It is ex¬ 
pected that, as the result of the operations of these, two 
establishments during 1873, not far from three million 
young salmon will be planted in the eastern, middle, and 
northern waters of the United States, including those 
placed in the tributaries of the Great Salt Lake. 
Another enterprise of a similar character has been the 
erection of an establishment for the hatching of the eggs of 
land-locked salmon on Sebec Lake, in Maine, in which the 
Commissioners of Massachusetts and Connecticut have 
united with the United States Commissioner. It is hoped 
that, when this is fairly in operation, a large supply of this 
most valuable food fish will be secured. 
Operations looking toward the multiplication of shad in 
American waters, both on the part of the United States 
and of some of the States themselves, have also been con¬ 
ducted on a large scale. The work was prosecuted by the 
United States on many of the coast streams from the Savan¬ 
nah River to the Penobscot, and large numbers of young 
fish were not only turned into the water at the points 
where they were hatched, but transferred to tributaries of 
the Mississippi aud of the great lakes. A successful sliip- 
ment was also made to the Sacramento River of 35,000, 
and a small number to the Jordan, a tributary of Great 
Silt Lake. 
As in previous years, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and 
New York carried on similar operations for the benefit of 
the local waters, while a beginning was made in the same 
direction by the Commissioners of Pennsylvania in the 
Susquehanna River. 
The cultivation of whitefish has also been prosecuted 
with great zeal, particularly by the States of Michigan and 
New Tork, while a considerable number belonging to the 
United states Commission was sent to the Commissioners 
of California, and by them successfully planted in the 
waters of Clear Lake. 
The operations in connection with whitefish have of late 
years been prosecuted on a very large scale by the State of 
New York, under the direction of Mr. Seth Green. In 
18/3 the State liatching-house at Caledonia contained about 
3,000,0J0, which were duly planted when hatched. The 
nurnoer was less in 1873. in 1872 the United States Com¬ 
mission engaged the services of Mr. N. W. Clark, in con¬ 
nection with the whitefish eggs, and transmitted about 
400,000 to the State Commissioner in California. In 1873 
tile State of Michigan coilected a large number of these 
eggs lor introduction into its own and adjacent waters. 
Tins fish, as is well known, is the most important of any 
species taken in the lakes, and it is fortunate that the 
metnod of their artificial propagation proves successful, 
and promises so satisfactory results. Only by such a pro¬ 
cess can the enormous waste and drain caused by the fish¬ 
eries as at present prosecuted be met and replaced, an ex¬ 
penditure of ten or fifteen thousand dollars per annum 
being sufficient to secure the return in value of many hun¬ 
dred thousand dollars in productive results. 
The discovery of a species of grayling (Thymallus tricolor)' 
in certain rivers of Michigan, lias suggested the import 
anee of making this fish more widely Known, by introduc¬ 
ing it into appropriate waters elsewhere. Fish of this 
genus are much esteemed in Europe, both as an article of 
food and as furnishing excellent sport in their capture; and 
the American variety "will probably be mnch sought after 
when arrangements can be made to supply the spawn in 
sufficient quantity. 
A very important advance in the- artificial propagation 
of fish was made by Setli Green and party while in the 
service of the United States Commission, in the discovery 
that striped bass, or rock-fish (lioccus iinfcitus), may be 
bred as easily and in much the same manner as the shad; 
special effort will probably be made during the coming 
year toward increasing the supply of this most valuable 
fish. 
--• 
STOCKING STREAMS AND PONDS. 
BY A. S. COLLINS. 
T HERE are comparatively few waters in the United 
States which can be stocked with brook trout. This 
assertion may be thought very singular, especially in view 
of the numerous trout streams in the New England and 
Middle States. But when we come to compare the number 
of trout streams with the number of warmer streams, lakes 
and ponds in this country, it will readily be seen that the 
assertion is true. And since such ponds are far greater in 
number, their proper stocking is of much more importance 
! than the proper stocking of brook trout streams. 
Very little attention has hitherto been paid to this ?ub- 
- ject. Fish Culturists have had their attention directed 
almost exclusively to the brook trout, because it is the 
highest priced fish coming into our markets, and one whose 
culture is supposed to pay the best. Our ponds and streams 
have up to this time naturally abounded in fish. Labor has 
been scarce in this land and well paid, and our people could 
afford to give high prices for food. But just in proportion 
as our population increases, and our virgin soil loses its 
productiveness, will the necessity arise for either cheaper or 
more nutritive food. 
Almost every farmer in our country has or can make a 
pond on his farm. A good proportion of his own food 
; could bo grown there, and a revenue derived from its 
s urplus. 
I do not pretend to say that we know just how to do all 
1 this at present. On the contrary, we know very little about 
i the breeding and preservation of Bueh warm water fish as 
Rochester, February 2, 1874. 
Editor Forest and Stream:— 
I see in Forest and'Steeam, of February 26, that Mr. J. H. C. criticises 
my article on propagation of lobsters, published in the N. Y. Times. 
Now if Mr. J. H. C. will sign his full name 1 will answer any article he 
may see fit to publish on Fish, Frog or Lobster Culture, 
Yours, Seth Green, 
—Seth Green is in trouble ! His most precious ^ fish is 
(s)pawjied. 
Transplanting Evergreens from New Brunswick 
to Manitoba.— The Fredericton (New Brunswick) Express 
mentions the interesting fact that Mr. Lester Stockton, of 
Kings county, N. B., has succeeded in acclimating ever¬ 
greens, including spruce, fir, pine, hemlock, etc., in por¬ 
tions of Manitoba where evergreens have been hitherto un¬ 
known. His first batch was forwarded in the gpring of 
1872, which, after a nine week’s journey, were planted t 
