198 
FOREST AND STREAM 
said it ought to be encouraged and recognized by the Asso¬ 
ciation. 
The death of Hon. Wm, Seaver, one of their most re¬ 
spected members, was considered, and the customary reso¬ 
lutions passed. 
Attention was called to the pollution of Boston harbor by 
drainage from the city and from kerosene and the gas 
works. 
The lobster law which went into effect May 1st, was 
freely referred to by S. M. Johnson, Esq. By the way, it 
seems, according to the Hingham (Mass.) Journal, that 
the fishermen have invented a new plan to evade this law. 
When they get hold of a lobster which does not come up to 
the proper size, they lay him on his back, tickle him under 
the tail with a straw till he almost bursts himself laughing, 
and when he has swelled up to the proper size he is sud¬ 
denly immersed in a hot bath, which prevents any further 
shrinking, and is then sent to market, 
FISH TRANSPORTATION. 
Lynn, Mass., April 25, 1874. 
Editor Forest and Stream:— 
I send yon a plan by which I think black bass and other hardy fish 
might be easily transported across long distances of country with but 
little trouble. It is to have a round vessel made, say 2£ feet high, feet 
across the top, the lower part, up, say from 12 to 18 inches, to be made of 
galvanized iron, tin, or any suitable metal, and the remaining portion to 
be made of a coarse wire netting and a solid cover provided securely 
fastened to the top. The bottom being solid will contain water enough 
too carry the fish a short distance; then, while traveling by rail, the whole 
to be immersed in the water tank connected with the locomotive, where, 
through the wire netting, it would be constantly receiving fresh water. 
They have been carried long distances by turning the fish loose into the 
tender, but it is difficult fishing them out at the end of the journey. 
Yours, E. J. T. 
Intimil history. 
—Are Albinoes Barren? —The subject of albinoism, 
which has been much discussed in this journal, is revived 
this week by a note from R. T. M., dated at Nassau, Rens- 
salaer county, in which the writer says:— 
“I do not think that albinoes are barren, (as many state) 
for last summer a robin, Tardus migratonus , which was al¬ 
most pure white, mated with one of usual color, and built 
a nest in a large elm tree, in the city of New Haven, Conn. 
Whether the eggs hatched or not I am unable to state; for 
I was obliged to leave the city soon afterward.” 
—The Oneida (N. Y.) Circular , April 27th, contains the 
following paragraph:— 
“For a number of days a robin was seen on our lawn, 
which had the appearance of having a white head. For a 
bird that is so uniformly marked as a robin, this was quite 
a rarity; so to satisfy ourselves more fully, it was shot. 
Upon closer examination, it was found to be v nearly white 
on the top of its head and also on the back part of its neck. 
The rest of its head and neck including its throat, is mot¬ 
tled with white and black. The mottling extends down 
on to the shoulders and wings, while the first primary on 
the right wing is entirely white. The bird has been stuffed 
and added to our collection. We should be glad to learn 
if any of our friends have seen robins marked in this 
way. 
—The following animals and birds, all captured in the 
neighborhood of the Rocky Mountains, were forwarded by 
Mr. Charles Reiche, to various Zoological Societies in 
Europe, on board the Donau, which sailed for Bremen last 
week: Nine elks, four buffaloes, four Rocky Mountain 
antelopes, two black tail deers, some ten bears, and eight 
whooping cranes. Mr. Reiche states that the black tail 
deer are the first of the kind ever sent abroad. 
—The following gentlemen have been re-elected officers 
of the Fairmount Park Zoological Garden of Philadelphia 
for the ensuing year:— 
President, Dr. William Camac; Vice President, J. Gil¬ 
lingham Fell, James C. Hand; Corresponding Secretary, 
Dr. John L. LeConte; Recording Secretary, John J. Ridg- 
way, Jr.; Treasurer, Frank H. Clark; Managers, William 
S Yaux, Frederick Graff, George W. Childs, Henry C. 
Gibson, William hi. Merrick, Isaac J. Wistar, S. Fisher 
Corlies, J. Vaughan Merrick, John Wagner, Theodore L. 
Harrison, Charles Norris, Edward Biddle. 
—Vie St. Augustine Press calls attention to a stranger in 
their waters, about eight feet long, which is neither a shark, 
a porpoise, an alligator, nor a loggerhead turtle. Pie is to 
be found near Bar Creek, behind the Sand Hills of North 
beach. Undoubtedly it is a manatee, or sea cow. Will 
somebody catch him, handle him gently, and send him on 
to Mr. Conklin of Central Park, the only person who has 
yet been able to keep a manatee alive, and who has ever 
succeeded in making one feed from the hand. This most 
rare and curious specimen of the mammalia is too precious 
to be lost. In ten years from now, perhaps the last of the 
manatees will be seen in North America. 
x TRAPPING the beaver. 
Russell county, Kansas, April 25*, 1874. 
Editor Forest and Stream:— 
Beaver are getting eearce in western 'Kansas. The settlers are by no 
means sorry, as beaver are one cause of the scarcity of timber here. Of 
course everyone knows that they live mainly on the bark of trees and 
?o obtain it they cut the timber, thereby destroying a great deal every 
vear. Sometimes they will cut down trees a foot in diameter, but usually 
thev cut small trees. The beaver are found mostly on small creeks, as 
there is but little timber along the rivers, and then the rivers dry up at 
some seasons so that not a drop of water can be seen, although plenty 
ran be got by digging a few inches in the sand. I have frequently seen 
the Smoky Hill River that dry. We seldom find more than one or two 
beavers in a neighborhood. They generally build small dams of sticks, 
©•ravel and mud, seldom raising the water more than a foot or two. I 
have never seen the “houses” they tell about being built in the East¬ 
ern States, and old trappers here laugh at the idea. They all say that 
th^v have never seeii one. I think they do not build them here, probably 
because they live in smaller families. They live here in holes in the 
bank, the mouths being under water. There are various ways of trap¬ 
ping. I sometimes tear the dam open and set a trap in the break, but I 
prefer to find where they come out of the water to feed, and set a trap in 
their way. Sometimes there are small mounds or bogs that they get on. 
When 1 find one that they use I set a trap on the deepest side, as there is 
where they will jump into the water. Some practice fastening a clog to 
the trap and not staking, but I prefer to stake my traps. Care must be 
taken to set the trap in deep enough water to drown them when caught, 
and also the stake must be driven far enough out from the bank that the 
beaver cannot get on the bank, or he will cut off his foot and escape. 
The trap and chain must be covered with mud. I am using No. 2 New- 
house traps, but they are rather too light to drown them well. No. 3 is 
better, although rather heavy to pack. We get an otter now and then 
and sometimes a “black coon.” As their skins are of little value we 
don’t care about catching them, but they sometimes get in the traps we 
set for otter. The black coon is similar to the Eastern raccoon, but is 
darker in color, and they walk more on the sole of the foot, making a 
round track instead of a long one. They live in holes in the bank, the 
mouths being just above water. They eat frogs, fish, &c. While I am 
talking about trapping I will tell you how I trap hawks. The upland is 
covered with the shoit buffalo grass, while the small bottoms are full of 
long grass. So of course the mice and small birds stay near the long 
grass for safety. The hawks, therefore, look for their prey along these 
bottoms. 1 fastened some small birds to the pans of my traps and set 
them along the ravines. The hawk is^always caught by the head. I 
have got some fine specimens that way. F. S. B. 
POWER OF A DION’S JAW. 
Washington, D. C., April 28,1874. 
Editor Forest and Stream:— 
In one of your back numbers I noticed a paragraph to the effect that, 
in feeding the animals at the Central Park Menagerie, it had been noted 
that the lion was able to crush every bone giv en him, except the shin¬ 
bone of a beef, and that sometimes he could crush. Your article sug¬ 
gested that the force necessary to crush said bone would be a fair ap¬ 
proximate to the strength of the lion’s jaw. I therefore to-day tried the 
experiment. Procuring from the butchers two shin-bones of beeves killed 
yesterday—one said to have been between six and seven years of age, the 
other six years old —1 placed them crossways on an iron base two inches 
in width, the flatter side down, in a Rodman’s testing machine. The up¬ 
per crushing face was one and two-tenths inches wide, and was brought 
in contact with the rounder portion of the bone, nearly at the centre. 
The first bone crushed at 2,960 pounds, the second at 3,337 pounds In 
each case the direct crush was accompanied by splits extending length¬ 
ways of the bone. 
It is, however, hardly likely that the lion brings to bear any such pres¬ 
sure. Probably the grinding motion of his jaw, and the piercing and 
splitting the bone with the incisor teeth, reduce the work. Piseco. 
jf hot (§un and 
♦- 
MAY IS A CHOS E MONT H FOR GAME. 
Details of pigeon shooting and scores of rifle matches , and other interest¬ 
ing maker, should be mailed so as to reach this office on Tuesday morning 
in each week. 
Foreign Rifle Matters. —The new Wimbledon regu¬ 
lations seem to meet with more and more dissent. The Vol¬ 
unteer Service Gazette has its columns crowded with contribu¬ 
tions from rifle clubs, all opposed to the new targets. The 
Edinburgh and Midlothian, and Cumberland and Westmore¬ 
land Rifle Associations protest against the innovations. The 
Earl of Ducie, Chairman of the Council of the National 
Rifle Association, enters into an elaborate defence of the 
new system. The principal points in the arguments used 
by the Chairman are as follows: Earl Ducie states, that 
every year complaints of marking have been pressed upon 
the Council. Also that each marker being separate, they 
were under but little control, and that shot marks when ob¬ 
literated by the white wash or paint, would under certain 
conditions of weather &c., re-appear again to the confusion 
of both marker and shooter. One objection which operated 
with the Council, was that the lateral marking with the long 
handled disc was exceedingly laborious, and that some 
shots were difficult to distinguish unless the marker went 
out to examine the target, and thereby incurred risk, and 
that richochets striking near the target were given as hits, 
the marker not being able to distinguish them. The Chair¬ 
man states that the new system of targets he does not think 
will make any material reduction in the number of ties, 
but that in shooting off ties, an advantage will undoubtedly 
be secured by the slight reduction of the bull’s eye, and by 
the adoption of another division in the target. Earl Ducie 
concludes by asking those opposed to the measures 
wtether they think that the council would have burdened 
themselves by such an operation as the change in the tar¬ 
gets without a sufficient conviction that it would ensure 
advantages both to competitors at Wimbledon and to the 
National Rifle Association. To conclude our brief summary 
of this somewhat vexed question of targets, we note that 
the council of the Irish Rifle Association of which Major 
Leech is Chairman, have decided to stick to iron targets, 
and to adopt bull’s eyes and centres of the following 
sizes. In the third class, centres of eight and twenty-four 
inches in diameter respectively; in the second class, centres 
of twenty-four and forty-eight inches, and in the 1st class a 
circular bull’s eye of thirty-six inches in diameter. 
Ppogramme of the Opening Match of the N. R. A. 
FOR 1874, TO TAKE PLACE AT CrEEDMOOR, JUNE 6TH 
1874. 
Match 1, Director's Match, 10 a. m.—T argets, 1 and 2, 200 
yards; position, standing; weapon, any military rifle; rounds 
five, two sighting shots. Open to Directors and Honorary 
Directors of N. R. A. 
Piizes. —Gold Badge, to be shot for annually, and held by 
the winner during the year. 
Match 2, Turf, Field and Farm Badge, 10 a. m. —Targets 
3 and 19; open to members of N. R. A.; weapon,^any 
breechloader within the rules; distance, 200 yards; position, 
standing; rdunds, five with two sighting shots; entrance 
fee, $1. 
Prizes. —1st. Turf, Field and Farm Badge, to be held sub¬ 
ject to competition and $25 in money presented by the As¬ 
sociation. 2d, Life membership in N. R. A., which may 
be transferred by the winner if desired; 3d, Cash, $12; 4th 
Cash, $10; 5th, Cash, $5; 6th, Cash, $5. 
Match 3, Military Match, 11 a. m.— Open to members of 
•T -fl c ’ *wjaras; weapon, anv 
itary rifle. ^ » an y mil- 
Prizes. —1st. Gold Badge, presented bv N R a 
$50; 2d. Life membership N. R. A., which can h’ Value » 
ferred by the winner if desired. 3 d, Cash $25- 
$10; 5th, Cash, $5; 6 th, Cash $3. * ’ Cash 
Match 4, 1-30 p. m.— Targets 1 and 19. Onen , 
of N. R. A. only. Distance 500 yards. Weapons° ? end ? ers 
rounds, seven; two sighting shots. Entrance fee 
Prizes. — 1 st, Gold Badge, presented by N R A vr , 
$25; 2 d, Life Membership N. R. A., which muvh^ alue ’ 
ferred by the winner if desired; 3 d, Cash $ 15 . 4 ,!® “ an s- 
$ 10 ; 5th, Cash, $5; 6 th, Cash, $ 5 . * ’ 4ttl ’ Cash, 
Match 5, Remington Diarhond Badge 3 P M T 
and 20. Open to members of N. R. A.’ Anv rifu. i argets 1 
500, 800 and 1,000. The twenty making the hioW tance ’ 
at 500 yards to compete at 800, and the eight hiJw' 
to compete at 1 , 000 . ghest at 800 
Prizes .— 1 st. The Remington Diamond Badge tnLv, 
subject to competition, and $25. 2 d, Life Member ^; 6 d 
N. R. A., which maybe transferred by th e 52?, ln 
sired. 3d, Cash, $ 10 ; 4th, Cash, $5; 5th, Cash, $5 f de ' 
New York April 10^ 
Editor Forest and Stream:— ’ 
Noticing in your valuable paper a number of communicatio • 
gardto the forthcoming International match, and also relativ r ®‘ 
shooting qualities of the breech versus muzzle-loading rifles 7 the 
not add to the interest of the event if a series of matches ’ W ° U d li 
wherein the above question should be fairly tested? Ho 
will be a large gathering of expert marksmen from’all sections ? er ° 
country present at the International, and a series of othermat • 6 
distances varying from 20G to 1,000 yards, open for all guns wonT’^ 
an opportunity to many for the display of their skill, and also nrlhK? 
induce many to come who otherwise might remain away Som f 
best shots South have gone into practice for the match am1 th9 
Major Shipley of New Orleans, evidences of whose skill i hon S ° thers 
have the pleasure of handing you. Yours truly, Pesooiit 0 
[Major Shipley’s skill as a rifleman is well known to us andw 
the Amateur Rifle Club is before this in communication with him* w 
should be very much disappointed if the South and West were not t u 
represented. No doubt but that this season in matches at short rZfi 
the breech and mnzzle-loaders will be placed in competition.-Ei> ] 
—The Mohawk Game Club of West Troy, N. Y hav 
elected the following officers for the ensuing year, ^ 
P. Schuyler the Secretary will please receive our thanks 
for the revised copy of the constitution and by-laws of this 
club:— 
President, Edward A. Meneely; Vice President r 0 „„ w 
C ■ Kdsey; Secretary,E P. Schuyler; Treasurer joft 
Eitchett, Executive Committee, E. A_. Meneelv TT p ttoI 
sey, H. P. Schuyler, John E. Glass, W. S. Cox! ’ ’ 
—Reports from north eastern Ohio by Judge Ingles state 
that two gentlemen from Dayton killed one hundred and 
fifty-seven English snipe in two days. The birds were 
very wild, hut the weather is getting milder. 
—Capt. James A. Ward of Toronto, the one-armed pigeon 
shooter, offers to shoot at 100 blackbirds with any man 
in the world for $5,000 a side, or at 50 single and 25 double 
birds with any man in America for $1,000 a side. Ira 
Paine has accepted the later challenge. 
—Dr. J. H. Ireland, champion of: Long Island, has chal¬ 
lenged Ira Paine, 50 birds for $1,000. The match takes 
place at Stamford, Conn. 
jjj&iitiotml ftfifimes. 
Secretaries and friends of Athletic, Base-Ball, Cricket and other s 
door Clubs will kindly mail their contributions not later than Monday i 
earn 'tuc&ic* 
—The Sussex Cricket Club of Kings Co., New Bruns¬ 
wick, held the first meeting of the season at the Olive 
House, Sussex Station, and elected the following officers 
for the current year: Reverend Canon Medley, President; 
Dr. John Ryan, Vice President; Oscar J. McCully, Captain; 
J. Ernest Smith, Secretary and Treasurer; Col. E. B.Beer, 
Auditor. This club was only organized last year and 
played in one match with a Moncton club, in which it 
came out second best. It could not expect much else in 
its first match with an old club, but hopes for better luck 
next time. The .return match is expected to be played on 
the 24th of May or 1st of July. 
J. E. S., Sec. and Treas. 
—The St. Louis Cricket Club played the first practice 
match, married vs. single, on the 24th of April. The ground 
was in capital condition and the weather perfect. The odds 
were 5 to 3 on the “unblessed.” 
MARRIED MEN. 
YIRST INNINGS. SECOND INNINGS. 
Sharpe c Miller b Young. 23 not out. 15 
Wilson c and b Jeffries... 7 
Malone b Jeffries. 4 
Caddick b Jeffries. 0 
Foote run out.... 6 
Whitaker b Jeffries. 8 
James b Young. 0 
Ketchum c Mugridge b Jeffries.. 1 
Virnanb Jeffries. 0 
McLean b Jeffries. 0 
Farnum not out. l 
Bye. 1 
Total. 51 
SINGLE 
FIRST INNINGS. 
Miller run out b Whitaker. 4 
Jeffries c Caddick b Sharpe. 3 
Hughes b Whitaker. 0 
Day 1 b w, b Wilson. 5 
Mugridge b Sharpe..' ’ 5 
Young b Wiison.’ 0 
Cullen run out b Wilson.. 0 
Simpson b Sharpe. 1 
Beck not out.’. 6 
Daken b Sharpe. j 
Cohen b Wilson.’ 1 
Byes 3, wides 3. 6 
Young b Miller. 1 
not out.35 
c Farham b Miller. 5 
b Young. 0 c 
c Caddock bYoung. 1 
Wides 3, leg bye 1. 1 
Total.61 
MEN. 
SECOND INNINGS. 
b Sharpe. ® 
not out.34 
c Sharpe b Sharpe. ® 
st Caddock b Wilson. j 
c McLean b Sharpe. « 
b Sharpe. j 
c McLean b Sharpe. * 
b Wilson. .J 
c McLean b Sharpe.1“ 
run out b Wilson. “ 
b Wilson. 6 
No ball 1 , wides 4. J 
... 69 
Total.... 32 Total. 
—The Philadelphia club nine defeated the Baltimore! 
badly in Philadelphia, on May 4, by a score of 24 to 28. 
