246 
FOREST AND STREAM 
-- * 
The Chicago Times gives a detailed account of the sales 
and purchasers, with the prices paid for each animal. Mr. 
James Wadsworth of Geneseo, in this State, bought- some 
of the finest cows and heifers offered, paying $4,-000 for 
one heifer one and a half years old. The finest bull in the 
catalogue was bought by Mr. George R. Robbins, an Eng¬ 
lishmen, who paid $14,000 for the second Duke of Hiil- 
hurst, a Duchess animal by the Sixth Duke of Geneva. He 
is less than three years old, is red and white, and is consid¬ 
ered a model of bovine beauty. 
There were in all fifty-nine cows sold, bringing an aggre¬ 
gate of $102,870, making an average price of about $1,785 
each. There was not aUow nor heifer in the catalogue 
that sold for less than $200, while some of them ran as 
high as $5,500. A trio of Duchess heifers ranged from 
$2,100 to $4,400, while two heifers, less than two years old, 
and twins, realized $11,000 from one gentleman.. After¬ 
wards, and while the sale was in progress, a telegram was 
received from a party in another State, offering $15,000 
for the same animals. Twenty-one bulls were sold for 
$25,425, averaging nearly $1,217 each. The total sum 
realized from this sale was $126,795. 
This Journal is the Official Organ of the Fish Cultur- 
ists’ Association. 
'—“Slimy looking things, ’aint they, boss?” says a 
butcher-boy attracted by an eely-looking fish on the stand 
in Fulton Market. “Rank pison,” * chimes in a huckster, 
“look at all them nasty holes on his side.” Yet, the fish 
is a lamprey, and good to eat, if people only knew it, and 
would be brave enough to make a trial of them. They are 
caught now in plenty, but are so much waste food, and 
save to put up in bottles as specimens, have no use. It is 
strange how far prejudice goes back. Because Henry I. got 
a surfeit from over-eating lampreys at a feast, is that any 
reason why we should throw away what is a most delicious 
fish? 
—The people of Rochester unite in singing the praises of 
Seth Green, who has succeeded by his efforts in propaga¬ 
tion in reducing the price of shad in that city to the old 
standard of “sixpence per pound,” or-fifty cents a pair. 
Three years ago shad were scarce at $40 a hundred; now 
they are sold at $10 per hundred. The fishermen along the 
Hudson, who ridiculed fish culture and opposed restric¬ 
tions, are now beginning to give Seth the glory. Neverthe¬ 
less, the dealers are not content with low prices and small 
profits. They desire to keep up prices. But Seth is deter¬ 
mined that the public shall share the benefit of his efforts, 
and so he sends his agent through the streets each day to 
sell shad. Moreover, he contemplates supplying people in 
Syracuse, Utica and other cities in the State, if the market 
price does not come down in those places. Middlemen 
would sooner let the fish rot than bring down the market, 
and it is this which has led to the present plan. 
—Rapidly are the efforts of the Fish Commissioners of 
different States developing into most gratifying results. 
Almost weekly we announce the appearance in our inland 
waters of the progeny of fish and spawn that have been re¬ 
cently planted. Last week it was the Alleghany; and now 
we herald the successful establishment of shad in the Upper 
Mississippi. Our informant, to whom we feel greatly in¬ 
debted, is a naturalist and angler of repute, and we put 
much confidence in his conclusions. We quote from his 
letter:— 
Lake City, Minnesota, May 21, 1874. 
Editor Forest and Stream:— 
All hail, Alosa ! The first shad seen taken in the Upper 
Mississippi waters were discovered in Lake St. Croix last 
week. They were seen playing about a raft, and one 
jumped out and safely landed upon the raft! Wm. Morris, 
Esq., of Stillwater laid him upon paper and took his out¬ 
lines and immediately forwarded the draught to me; I at 
once wrote to him for particulars. He writes that the shad 
has been sent to Seth Green, from whom we shall hear 
whether it is a true shad. The St. Paul papers state that it 
weighed five pounds. This must be a mistake, I think, 
from the outlines. I should judge it was a male. It is just 
seventeen-and-a-half inches long, four inches width and 
could not weigh over two pounds. He is, I think, a two- 
year-old, perhaps three. Parties are in pursuit of that 
school of shad, and I hope to give your readers further in¬ 
formation soon. D. O. Estes, M. D. 
—We beg to acknowledge the courtesy extended to this 
journal by the Maryland Association for the Protection of 
Game and Fish, at its last meeting. This society is now 
fully organized with about 150 members, which include a 
great many very strong names, and we have no doubt will 
succeed in securing and enforcing proper laws for the State. 
The officers for the year are as follows:—President, General 
George S. Brown; First Vice President, Thomas Poultney; 
Second Vice President, Henry T. Wild; Treasurer, Robert 
Hodges; Secretary, B. W. Jenkins; Counsel, John Stewart; 
Executive Committee, P. P. Pendleton, R. B. Bayard, R. 
C. Thomas, C. D. Fisher, H. A. Rodewald, and D. C. Clark. 
--- 
THE SECRET OF FISH CULTURE. 
—-—♦- 
The following letter from Fred Mather to a correspond¬ 
ent contains not only the grand secret of success in fish 
culture, but is the key to the successful breeding of all 
other live stock: 
IIoneoye Falls, N. Y., May 18,1874. 
Editor Forest and Stream:— 
A spring running ten barrels an hour should be sufficient to grow 
many trout, enough for family use at least, although there are many 
other considerations besides flow. The largest springs in the State 
in some hands would not produce a single fish, and per contra. Hon. 
S. H. Ainsworth, the father of fish culture in. America, got a stream 
which, in a dry time, will all pass through a cider faucet, from thirteen 
tile drains and has raised thousands of trout. N6w, I can’t do anything 
with bees; my neighbors can-secret: they like and attend to them. I 
don’t. But my fish are always on my mind, and if, I take a spade to dig 
for any purpose, a box for worms goes with it, and more time is wasted 
in picking up those worms and then going and watching the “babies” 
eat them than perhaps might be thought profitable, but the fish grow. 
There are failures in fish culture because so much depends upon the 
man who does it. I cited bees as an illustration. I hate them, and only 
love the 30 cents per pound that their honey brings [when I get any). I 
don’t trouble them much and they don’t bother me with too much 
honey. Bee men say that they should be often looked at, but they either 
don’t get stung as I do, or else don’t mind it as much. Some time a 
charge of powder will be put under them and honey will go up; but as I 
said, there are persons who make it a success, and because m my hands 
it is of no profit I would only appear ridiculous by asserting that the 
keeping won’t pay. No business pays that a man has not interest 
enough in to attend to. A successful breeder of stock of any kind 
spends his spare time among them, as well as the time necessary to care 
for them; he likes to see them eat and grow, and his watchful eye will 
instantly detect anything wrong with them. 
$ Rochester, N. Y , May 18,1874. 
Editor Forest and Stream.— 
In answer to your inquiries how to keep goldfish, I will say that I am 
asked the question so many times it will save me much writing to pub¬ 
lish a letter through the press. 
Use any well, or creek, or river water that is not impregnated with 
mineral; change the water when the fish come to the top and stay there 
and breathe part water and part air. When you change the water tak e 
out nearly all, leaving enough for the fish to swim in, and fill the vessel 
with fresh water. Never take the fish in your hand. If the aquarium 
needs cleaning make a net of mosquito netting and take the fish out with 
it. There are many goldfish killed by handling. Keep your aquarium 
clean, so that the water loolts as clear as crystal, and watch the fish, and 
in a little while you will find out whether your fish are all right. Feed 
them all they will eat and anything they will eat, worms, meat, fish, 
wafer, or fish spawn. Take great care that you take all that they do not 
eat out of the aquarium. Any decayed meat or vegetable in water ha? 
the same smell to fish in water that it does t,o you in air. If jfour goldfish 
die it is attributable, as a rule, to one of the three causes—handling, 
starvation, or bad water. Seth Green. 
New York, May 26, 1874. 
Jditor Forest and Stream:— 
I was glad to see Manhattan’s communication in your paper of 14th 
inst., and hope it will have the effect intended. In your and other journ¬ 
als I daily read items, showing the attention which the Fishery Commis¬ 
sioners of other States are bestowing upon the subject of the introduc¬ 
tion of salmon into rivers hitherto unfrequented by that most valuable of 
all fish; but all that our commissioners seem to be doing is to assert that 
our rivers are not fit for the experiment. 
Now, Mr. Editor, I understand that the U. S. Government has some 
thing like two millions of Penobscot salmon eggs and fry ready for dis¬ 
tribution to applicants, who seem to be plenty, coming even from Mich¬ 
igan—from every quarter in fact, except from our State. Why is it that 
our Fishery Commissioners are so strangely indifferent to this opportu¬ 
nity to create a new and valuable source of food supply? They seem, as 
far as their ideaB are known at all, to have a decided notion that the Hud¬ 
son is not a suitable river in its present condition of nets and dams for 
salmon. But many persons (as conversant as they with the peculiar 
adaptation of the upper Hudson for salmon, and better acquainted with 
the habits of that fish than any of the commissioners, by reason of many 
years’ study of them in Canada, Scotland and Norway,) are sure that the 
half million salmon eggs and fry offered by Mr. Baird if placed in the 
smaller affluents of the Hudson, above Troy, would succeed finely. In 
time, especially if the experiment be followed up year after year by suc¬ 
cessive plantings, the North River might teem with salmon as now with 
shad. 
The California salmon fry have been mostly distributed to persons and 
States, wiser and more appreciative than our commissioners, who are 
supposed to have accepted only 50,000 out of the three or four hundred 
thousand tendered to them. Shall New York State miss her chance of 
getting her quota of Penobscot salmon also? Cannot you, who appear 
to be so much interested in all that relates to fish and fishing, urge our 
commissioners to obtain and distribute our State’s share of thi - national 
Bupply of salmon eggs and fry? 
I see by tbeir report of 1873 that our commissioners have on hand an 
unexpended balance of over $20,00!), out of appropriations of $30,000 
made by the State in 1872 and 1873. Wise economy is to oe applauded; 
but is it wise to peddle out the State moneys in distributing predatory 
fish and neglect the opportunity of .planting half a miliion of California 
salmon in the Hudson, and near as many more of the same fish from 
Maine? 
With the more favorable disposition now prevalent among our legisla¬ 
tors, and even net fishermen, towards protection, laws can doubtless be 
passed in time to secure the young salmon against nets and dams, when 
on their return from the sea two or three years hence. 
My conviction of the importance of this matter urges me to write thus 
earnestly. I cannot think that the disinclination of our commissioners 
to attempt the experiment should be final. The expense will be small; 
the result, if successful, productive of many thousands of dollars annu¬ 
ally. I hope you will publish this communication, for it represents the 
views of many fully conversant with the subject. Scotia. 
[The Fish Commissioners of New York have a full appreciation of the 
salmon interest, and we think desire, by their action, to bring some pres¬ 
sure of public opinion upon the Legislature, so as to lead to the passage 
of laws for the construction of fishways for the salmon and shad to the 
spawning grounds. It would be too much to assume that they have no 
care for the interest of the State as far as salmon are concerned. The 
California salmon were very thoroughly attended to by them,a large sup¬ 
ply being placed by Seth Green in the headwaters of the Hudson, Dela¬ 
ware and Susquehanna. It is true that no Penobscot salmon were ac 
ceptedby New York; but we know that Prof. Baird regards the Califor¬ 
nia fish the better of the two for the waters of New York. It will do no 
harm, however, to urge the introduction of the Maine salmon also. We 
shall be glad to see the work done.— Ed. 
y *-*- 
Transplanting and Transporting Lobsters.— Our 
readers may not be aware that lobsters are included in the 
list of eastern fish to be taken if possible to the other coast, 
next month,.in the California Aquarium Car. It is very 
difficult to keep lobsters alive, away from the ocean, long 
enough to survive the overland journey. With a view to 
reaching the most favorable results in this direction, Mr. 
Livingston Stone, of New Hampshire, has been trying some 
experiments, for the following memoranda of which we are 
indebted to F. W. Webber, Esq:— 
Experiments .—On Wednesday, the 15th day of April, 1874, 
thirteen live lobsters arrived at the Cold Spring Trout 
Ponds, Charlestown, N. II., and were divided into four lots 
as follows: Three lobsters were pa,eked in a box among 
sponges, wet with sea water, and kept in a cold temperature 
with ice. Four lobsteis having rubber bands on their claws 
to prevent their injuring each other, were packed in a sim¬ 
ilar manner and kept without ice at a warmer temperature. 
Three lobsters without bands on their claws were packed 
in the same way, and kept at a similar temperature. Three 
lobsters were packed among sponges, wet with’ a little arti¬ 
ficial brine, made from coarse salt and spring water, and 
kept at a mild temperature. 
The boxes all had large cracks* in them, through whinb 
the water from the sponges could easily runoff i h 
prevented from becoming stagnant in the boltom ofS S 
boxes. nil e 
Results. Of the three lobsters kept in the artificial 
brine one was found dead on Thursday morning a?JJJ 
at ° n i e 0n Saturday morning, April 18th, and one fiw 
till Monday morning, April 20th. 1Ve( * 
Of the four kept at a mild temperature, with the Wa 
on their claws, in sponges wet with sea water one 2 
found dead on Saturday morning, April 18th, one on 
urday night, April 18th, one on Sunday night, April Iffib 
and one on Monday morning, April 20th. ^ 
Of the three which were kept in the sponges wet witb 
sea water, at a moderate temperature without bands on th P h 
claws, two were found dead on Tuesday evenum Anril 
and one lived till the evening of Aprir26th. ’ P ist > 
Of the three kept at a cold temperature amoncr tv,, 
sponges, moistened with sea water, one died Monday morn 
ing, April 20th, one died Wednesday morning Anril 998 
one died Thursday morning, April 23d. ’ 1 ^ a ’ 
In all the above experiments the water in the sponges was 
renewed twice a day, ocean water being used throughout, in 
the first three experiments and artificial brine in the last 
It will be observed that the lobsters treated with artificial 
brine began to die first. Of those kept cold and treated 
with salt water, one lived seven days and one eight davs 
Of those treated with sea water and kept at a moderate 
temperature without ice, one lived eleven days. 
On the arrival of these lobsters some of tiie’ spawn was 
taken from one, and packed away in sponges, wet with sea 
water, while wetting was renewed every-day. On Tues 
day, April 28th, a few of them were examined under a 
microscope, and the pulsations of the blood could he dis 
tinctly seen in the region of the little filament which con" 
nects the eggs. 
—A Detroit correspondent, with some natural jealous 
at our abbreviating one of his communications upon fish¬ 
ing, vents his displeasure upon the grayling in the following 
terse language:— 
“The Michigan grayling, 'that you appropriate columns 
for, is little less than a very poor mixture of common perch 
and herring, but little game, a good biter at good bait, but 
mighty poor at fly.” 
Thymallus won’t like this 1 
—La Chasse Illustree informs us that shad on the 30th of 
April were very plenty in Paris, and the markets were full 
of them. The shad in French is called alose , and some of 
our Philadelphia friends may remember that the old Swedes 
called it by the same name. It would be curious to know 
whence the word shad was derived. Will any of our read¬ 
ers, philologically inclined, give us the derivation? 
THE BREEDING KENNELS AT NEWTON 
NEW JERSEY. 
W E paid a visit on Saturday last, by invitation, to the 
Kennels of. Messrs. Waddell & Anderson, situated 
at Newton, N. J. On arriving at the depot we were driven 
to the Cockrane House, kept by the genial host, Mr. Ward, 
where we found assembled a goodly number of field sports¬ 
men and field editors interesteddn the better method of im¬ 
proving the breed of field sportsmen’s dogs, more especially, 
the clean limbed and highly educated pointer and the more 
mild and useful setter. Our official duties deterred us from 
taking the early train, so we arrived too late to partake of 
the friendly and elegantly arranged dinner given by the pro¬ 
prietors of the Kennels to tlieir numerous guests. Our in¬ 
ner man was, however, carefully attended to by the excel¬ 
lent host, Mr. Ward, and the breeder, Mr. Waddell. 
We noticed among the gentlemen present, “Gopher,’ 
“Mohawk,” Mr. Morford, the editor of the Register, and the 
chief and field editors of the Turf, Field and Farm. 
On inspecting the Kennels containing the all-aged point¬ 
ers and setters, we noticed more particularly a setter called 
Dash, (there are too many Dash’s, we shall all get confused 
by and by,) he is, we believe, by Putnam’s Dan, his grand 
dam being an imported bitch of known good blood; color, 
nearly all black, with half tan spectacles, fair chest, loins 
and propelling powers rather weak, but would take a good 
prize on the show bench, and be difficult to beat in the 
field. There were also some fine specimens of the Red 
Irish, and one dog from the Duke of Bucleach’s kennel, 
which looked like a fine ranger. The pointers were headed 
by a black blood-like powerful looking animal with a mag¬ 
nificent head, shoulders and hind quarters, also a young 
pointer bitch Dream, with a true clean head, a fine gal¬ 
loper, perhaps a little too delicate and mild in her disposi¬ 
tion, but if well handled, would make a careful performer 
in the field. 
Mr. Waddell has in this kennel some twenty all-aged 
pointers and setters, and of .good blood, some of whose 
sires and dams have been noted for their ranging and 
staunchness. All were well broken and trained and noted 
field sportsman’s dogs. We next visited the brood bitches 
and their whelps, two of which having a large family to 
take care of, were scarcely in a condition to show. How 
they will turn out depends on their ancestry and the 
handler. There was an orange and white setter, with marks 
of what was called many years ago the English setter ; that 
was before the distinct strains became so popular and 
fashionable. We also saw a brace of beagles, a cocker and 
a hound, and altogether this kennel comprises some forty 
to fifty dogs, including whelps, &c. 
Mr. Waddell has evidently spared no expense in erecting 
his kennel houses both in doors and out, and the system of 
breeding, which he is pursuing, is a good one, but we would 
suggest to him to confine himself to two or three noted 
strains, or breed a cross of his own. The out-door kennels 
