280 
FOREST AND STREAM 
Devoted to Field and Aquatic Sports, Practical Natural History, 
;.Fish Culture, the Protection op Game.Preservation op Forests, 
and the Inculcation in Men and Women op a healthy interest 
in Out door Recreation and Study : 
PUBLISHED BY 
^ortnt xtid ^irerntf ^ablishing 
-AT- 
17 CHATHAM STREET, (CITY HALL SQUARE) NEW YORE, 
[Post Office Box 2832.] 
and 125 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 
Term*, Five Dollars a Year, Strictly In Advance. 
A disconnt of twenty per cent, for live copies and upwards. Any person 
sending ns two subscriptions and Ten Dollars will receive a copy of 
Halloclc’s “Fishing Tourist, ’’ postage free. 
Advertising Kates. 
In regular advertising columns, nonpareil type, 121ines to the inch. 25 
cents per line. Advertisement s on outside page. 40 cents per line. Reading 
notices, 50 cents per line. Advertisements in double column 25 per cent, 
extra. Where advertisements are inserted over 1 month, a discount of 
10 per cent, will be made; over three months, 20 per cent; over six 
months, 30 per cent. 
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 1874. 
To Correspondents. 
-*- 
All communications whatever, whether relating to business or literary 
correspondence, must be addressed to The Forest and Stream Pub¬ 
lishing Company. Personal, or private letters of course excepted. 
All communications intended for publication must be accompanied with 
real name, as a guaranty of good faith. Names will not be published if 
objection be made. No anonymous contributions will be regarded. 
Articles relating to any topic within the scope of this paper are solicited. 
We cannot promise to return rejected manuscripts. 
Secretaries of Clubs and Associations are urged to favor us with brief 
note* of their movements and tr. tactions, as it Is the aim of this paper 
to become a medium of useful aiiu reliable information between gentle¬ 
men sportsmen from one end of the country to the other ; and they will 
find our columns a desirable medium for advertising announcements. 
The Publishers of Forest and Stream aim to merit and secure the 
patronage and countenance of that portion of the community whose re¬ 
fined intelligence enables them to properly appreciate and enjoy all that 
is beautiful in Nature. It will pander to no depraved tastes, nor pervert 
the legitimate sports of land and water to those base uses which always 
tsnd to make them unpopular with the virtuous and good. No advertise¬ 
ment or business notice of an immoral character will he received on any 
terms ; and nothing will be admitted to any department o the paper that 
may not be read with propriety in the home circle. 
We cannot be responsible for the dereliction of th® mail service, if 
money remitted to ns is lost. 
Advertisements should be sent in by Saturday of each week, if possible. 
CHARLES HALLOCK, Managing Editor. 
WILLIAM C. HARRIS, Business Manager. 
tensive Assuring and crushing of the bones. Dr. Busch 
supposed that the ball became melted and broken up by the 
forcible contact with a hard substance, and acted like a 
mass of shot on the parts lying behind. In the experiments 
made, animals were taken and behind them was placed a 
target, so that the condition of the bullet, could be deter¬ 
mined after passage through the animal. The distances of 
firing were from point blank to 800 paces. Sporting rifles, 
the needle gun, the Chassepot, Mauser, and Henry Martini 
rifles were used. The commission arrived at the conclu¬ 
sion that the action of a projectile on the living or dead 
animal was almost precisely the same as to disintegration of 
parts. As to the extent of the destruction it was in inverse 
ratio to the distance, and in direct relation with the initial 
velocity of the bullet. At 800 paces, although the peculiar¬ 
ities of the wound were the same, they were reduced in 
intensity. With small sporting rifles the bullets,though out 
of shape, remained in the body, though the military arms 
produced fearful distruction of the bones and soft parts. 
The most curious portion of the report is that relating to 
the change in the form, or cohesiveness of the ball, owing 
to the sudden changes of the temperature, caused by fric¬ 
tion in the barrel, resistance to the air, and the heat caused 
by collision against a solid substance. It is well known 
that the bullet is broken up and mechanically divided. The 
particles of lead were found in the recesses of the wound, 
while fragments of various sizes passed out with pieces of 
the shattered bone. 
To discover whether the heat was appreciable, a small 
bag of gunpowder was placed before the target. The bag 
was repeatedly torn by splinters of the balls, hut no ignition 
of the powder took place. The question of the cohesion of 
lead was then experimented on, by taking two leaden balls, 
one cold the other hot, and dropping them at the same 
elevation on a stone, when the warmer ball was distinctly 
flattened. That a ball then must heat when it strikes the 
body of an animal, is but following the simplest of physical 
laws. Having this fact perfectly established, the peculiar 
injury produced in the animal body is perfectly explained. 
The bullet strikes against the bony structure, develops heat, 
and is disintergated. The experiment showed that most of 
the bullets, after passing through the animal, made on the 
targets an irregular impression, surrounded by an aureole 
of smaller pieces of lead. 
A very nice point comes in just here, and that is in re¬ 
gard to the relative action of hard and soft bullets on 
animals. When the Russians were fighting the Circassians, 
Schamyl’s followers, for want of lead used copper balls. If 
we remember rightly, when we faught with Mexico, the 
Mexicans used occasionally the same metal. We use to¬ 
day, in almost all our arms of precision, leaden balls, which 
are swedged and considerably hardened. The Martini 
Henry, we think, uses a hall made of twelve of lead and 
one of tin. Hardened balls, then, when fired into 
animals, crush or radiate hut very little. Dr. Kilnster 
states that in such cases splinters of hardened lead, or of 
the mixture of metals were rarely found. “If the edge of 
a rib was struck the loss of bone formed the segment of a 
circle corresponding to the circumference 'of a ball. Of 
two balls, one fired at 100 paces at a horse, and passing 
through the greater diameter of the animal,the Martini ball 
CALENDAR OF EVENTS FOR THE CUR¬ 
RENT WEEK. 
Friday, June 12tn.-Goshen Park Association, N. Y.-Howard 
county Agricultural Society, Kokomo. Ind.-Yailey City Association, 
Grand Rapids. Mich.-Yacht race, Tidal Wave vs. Madeleine-Chicago 
B. B. C. vf. Baltimore at Brooklyn. 
Saturday. June 13th.-Harlem Boat Club’s practice day, Harlem, N. 
Y.—Jerome Park races— Mutual B. B. C. vs. Boston at Brooklyn—Chi¬ 
cago B. B. C. vs. Baltimore at Baltimore. 
Monday, June 15th .—Columbia Yacht Club regatta—Atlantic vs Bos¬ 
ton B. B. C. at Brooklyn. 
Tuesday. Jude 16th.-Brooklyn Yacht Club regatta-American Jockey 
Club races at Jerome Park-Syracttse Driving Park Association,Syracuse, 
N. Y.—Peru Trotting Park, Pern, Ind. 
We nesday. JuneUth.-Match day at Hoboken Cricket Grounds- 
Syracuse Driving Association, Syracuse, N. Y.- -Horse Breeder’s Associ¬ 
ation. Jackson. Mich.—Peru Trotting Park, Peru, Ind.—Schuylkill 
Navy regatta at Philadelphia. 
Thursday, June 18 th. -Long Island Yacht Club regatta-American 
Jockev Club races at Jerome Park-Schuylkill Navy regatta at Philade - 
ph a—Syracuse Driving Park Association, Syracuse. N. Y.—Peru Trot¬ 
ting Park. Peru, Ind - Horse Breeders Association, Jackson, Mich. 
TO THE PUBLIC. 
went clean through, while the Mauser ball remained in the 
carcass. The explanation was the greater resistance which 
the latter had to overcome by the misshapement of the ball, 
it being of a softer material.” Now here the question 
arises as to the use of hard or soft metal, as projectiles for 
killing animals. It is difficult to form a very clear opinion 
of their positive action on the animal economy. If the 
harder ball goes clean through the animal the shock must 
be immense, but hardly less so is that of the softer bullet, 
which must inflict fearful internal injuries. In fact the 
softer ball seems to play the part of an explosive bullet, 
and at a close range, with such bullets, the effect must be 
almost ihe same, as if filled with a fulminate. Of course, 
in practical military surgery, questions of this character are 
of vital importance. 
Sportsmen on the plains, when in pursuit of our large 
game, by noting the action of projectiles on animals, fol¬ 
lowing, as it were, the track of the rifle ball, might add im¬ 
mensely to our stock of knowledge in regard to this sub¬ 
ject, and army surgeons and the world at large might be 
benefited with the information thus acquired. 
-- 
Edward Moore, who was formerly connected witH the Forestand 
Stream as canvassing agent, is no longer in the employ of this Company, 
his connection having ceased on the first day of May last. 
---«-s- 
action of projectiles on animal 
BODIES. 
ROM a late number of the British Medical Journal we 
learn the results of some most interesting experiments 
le by the German Surgical Congress in regard to the 
on of bullets in the animal body. It seems that these 
lies were instigated by the Prussian Minister of War 
an officer with arms, ammunition and soldiers, not to 
shot at, hut to shoot at animals, were placed at the dis- 
ition of the doctors. To us, having, thank God, nothing 
o with the use of arms as a method of human destruc- 
i the results of the labors of this commission as having 
lo with the effects of projectiles on animals will he un- 
btedly instructive to our readers. Last year Professor 
sch of Bonn, drew attention to the fact that the Chasse- 
bullet when shot at a short distance into the human 
ly made a simple aperture of entrance, but that its aper- 
e of exit was larger than the fist, and that there was ex- 
AMERICA’S FUTURE FISHING GROUND. 
i -♦- 
O UR readers know how rapidly Michigan has grown 
into notice and favor of late as a superb angling 
region. All that rich and unexplored territory which 
sweeps from the Strait of Mackinaw to Saginaw Bay and 
from Thunder Bay to Grand Traverse, in whose primeval 
mazes even the lumberman is sometimes bewildered, has 
been found to abound in trout and to swarm with grayling, 
sometimes separate, sometimes occupying harmoniously 
the same stream. To these we add the rich stores of the 
great lakes Huron and Michigan, and of the upper penin¬ 
sula with its grand fisheries, the waters of Marquette, and 
the south shore of Lake Superior, and where in any country 
can be found such an illimitable and inexhaustible field for 
the angler? To the four points of the compass from one 
grand focal point flow its great rivers, the Muskegon to the 
south, the Manistee to the west, the Cheboygan to the 
north, and the Au Sable to the east, with a dozen lesser 
streams like the Hersey, already famous for its grayling, the 
Au Gres, the Boardman, Rifle, Marquette and Jordan; and 
from these principal waters radicate countless ramifications 
of trout brooks and sparkling streams to where sunlight or 
man have never entered. All of these secret places and in¬ 
tricate recesses are being gradually brought to light and 
knowledge by the construction of the Flint and Marquette 
railroad which traverses the interior of the State and has 
- already reached Lake Houghton, itself swarming with 
monster fish. We are by no means skeptical of the future 
and we venture to predict that within ten years Michigan 
will become and be known as the grand fishing ground^of 
America, and be patronized by people from ali parts of the 
world. Its streams are now crossed by fallen timber and 
choked with driftwood and brush, hut those who shall'here- 
• after enter its penetralia will clear these away and leave the 
water courses unobstructed and pleasant for the adventu¬ 
rous tourist. Then the birch and the dug-out can thread 
j their sinuosities at will, and when the midday sun is hot be 
I grateful for the primeval shade that overshadows and shuts 
! them in. There is no section where the people are waking 
I up to their own advaffiages more than in Michigan, and 
the men who are leading the van of improvement are edu- 
\ cated men, brawny pioneers in intellect as well as in muscle 
with hard cash as well as hard fists, men who are going in 
to win. Now, for the north and east we have the Adiron- 
dacks; for the great west, the Yellowstone, and for the in¬ 
terior this new hunting and angling ground of Michigan, 
which is central to all. Hail Michigan ! 
-- 
THE HORSE, ARTISTICALLY AND DY¬ 
NAMICALLY. 
A N hippie rather than an artistic controversy is now 
raging in England, in regard to the exact way in 
which a horse walks. A Miss Thompson, heretofore un¬ 
known to fame, possibly the Rosa Bonheur of English ani¬ 
mal life, from the realms of the unknown, has suddenly 
merged into a most notable personage. A picture by this 
lady called “The Roll Call,” now exhibiting in the Royal 
Academy, has attracted immense attention, and in it is a 
horse which with three feet on the ground, has the fourth 
foot poised in the air. The all important question, (the 
general artistic merits of the picture being accorded) is, is this 
the proper position for a walking horse? The London 
Times , greatest of thunderers, has given columns to this 
discussion, and The Field and Land and Water devote no 
inconsiderable portion of their space to different authorities, 
who advance various facts and theories. 
It has taken fully three hundred years to get entirely rid 
of the conventionally painted horse. It is wonderful how 
long the Archaic type has remained in permanence. After 
the noble frieze on the Parthenon, it seems as if man’s con¬ 
ception of the horse had arrived at its apogee. Then the 
highest conception attained, art retrograded, just as statues 
of a certain date, all stone personifications of the human 
form, dwindled or became absurd after the glorious crea¬ 
tion of a Yenus of Milo. All the great Italian masters, 
even Julio Romano, drew fearful horses, and his tradition¬ 
ary steeds, impossible as to anatomy and every thing else, 
with goggle eyes like those of human beings, rolling in a 
fine frenzy, were copied with Chinese accuracy almost to 
the close of the last century. Even to-day glaring inaccu¬ 
racies in horse protraiture may be seen. In fact the beau 
ideal of the horse, as a model for the artist, may he said to 
have passed away. Phillip Gilbert Hammerton says in his 
most fascinating hook, “Chapters on Animals,” “The influ¬ 
ence of the turf upon the physical perfection of the horse 
has not been favorable to his beauty. The race horse has 
lost the beauty of nature in one direction, as the prize pig 
has departed from it in another. The race horse lias the 
charms of a tail-coat of a trained pear tree, of all such 
superfine results of human ingenuity, but he has lost the 
glory of nature... .No real artist would ever paint race 
horses from choice... .The meagre limbs, straight lines, 
and shiny coat, have slight charms for an artist, who gen¬ 
erally chooses either what is beau 4 iful or picturesque, and 
the race horse is neither picturesque nor beautiful. ” Here 
only the particular type of model chosen is criticised, but 
when one comes to what may be called the dynamic ques¬ 
tion in drawing a horse, the subject is a much more diffi¬ 
cult one. Take half a dozen gentlemen, well known eques¬ 
trians, and start the subject, to wit, how does a horse walk, 
trot or gallop, and in an instant a most lively discussion 
arises, in which not one will agree with, the other, and their 
efforts to describe in plain language what they may have 
seen every day in their lives, is almost impossible to under¬ 
stand. The walking man was wonderfully studied by Dr. 
Oliver Wendell Holmes, and he illustrated his theory by a 
series of most clever sketches. The problem of walking 
resolved itself according to Dr. Holmes, into these two 
facts, that a man in walking divided his efforts into cer¬ 
tain distinct acts, one w as that he was trying to tumble 
down all the time, and the other was the continued effort 
on his part to pick himself up again. If the action of a 
man in walking is not easy to describe, the movement of 
the horse being more complex, is even then more difficult. 
M. E. J. Marey of Paris, has perhaps devoted more at¬ 
tention to the subject of animal dynamics than any one 
else, and has invented a most ingenious instrument, which 
marks with absolute accuracy certain movements of 
animals. It must be steadily kept in the mind, that there 
are two series of observations to be noted in studyiug the 
action of a horse. At one period some of his feet are on 
the ground, at others in the air, and under peculiar circum¬ 
stances, all his feet are clear of the earth. The track a 
horse makes is a positive picture, which can be seen on 
any road, hut it is another thing to analyze the actual lift¬ 
ing in the air of each foot, and the time occupied when 
one foot- is put down, and another lifted. M. Marey’s ap- 
