281 
paratus marks synchronously these movements, and repre¬ 
sents as in the following diagrams the time of contact of 
the right foot by a continuous line, and of the Ibft foot by 
a dotted line, and the exact period in the interval between 
the raising and lowering of either foot, by the gap between 
the succeeding lines. 
Mr. A, H. Gar rod in an article in Nature referring to M. 
Marey’s hook on the movement of a man or of a horse, 
describes them as follows 
“Man in walking on level ground gives sufficient impulse 
to the body at each step to enable him to lift the one foot 
at the instant that the other touches the earth. Represent¬ 
ing the time of contact of the right foot by a continuous 
line, that of the left by a superposed dotted line, and the 
period of the interval between the raising and lowering of 
either foot by the gap between the succeeding lines, the 
human walk on level ground would be drawn thus 
Whilst going uphill, however, there is a period during 
which both feet are on the ground together* which may be 
indicated thus 
Whilst, again, in running, there are periods, as we all 
know, during which both feet are off the ground together 
thus:— 
Turning to the case of the horse, and using the same 
method of illustration, it may be _ shown that any of its 
different steps may be imitated by two men, one behind 
the other. Now suppose these men, the hinder one 
with his hands on the shoulders of the one in front, 
to walk “in step,” that is, with the right and left feet 
moving simultaneously; then, if their movevents be re¬ 
corded as above, with the steps of the hind man placed 
below those of him in front, the following would represent 
them:— 
both would have their similar feet off and on the ground at 
the same time; and reverting to the horse, this formula as 
it may be termed, which represents the legs of the same 
side off the ground together, is that of the “amble,” a 
method of progression natural to the giraffe, but only ac- 
• quired by special training in the horse. 
Again, suppose that two men, instead of walking “in 
step,” do exactly the opposite, that is, place the opposite 
; feet forward simultaneously; we then have the following 
1 formula:— 
All will recognize this as the “trot” in the horse; 
although, as M. Marey has proved, there is always, in the 
true “trot,” an interval between each of its two elements, 
during which all the feet are off the ground at once, 
thus:— 
the upper of the last two formulae, however, represents the 
walk of the elephant exactly. 
In the amble and the trot, therefore, each complete series 
of steps is formed of two parts which never overlap; 
. i follows that the sounds produced by them are double 
also. 
The walk of the horse is a phenomenon a little more 
1 cult to realize at first sight. Again referring to the 
> wo men, suppose that they walk quite out of step, as it 
, May be termed, in such a way that the front one has raised 
b right leg at the same moment that the hind one is just 
f ® MM! # kis, although they keep to the same number of 
e ^' being the case the sequence of the steps 
wkM 1)6 front, left hind, left front, and right hind, 
* c 11S tlle order °f succession in the horse, and may be 
Represented thus:- 
$ . *. . 
, -- 
A ... .. 
•) than t^ S ! 0rmula is seen that at no time are there more 
' Mere W ° * 6et ° n & round at Mie same moment, and M. 
alwav f! ates diat * n his numerous experiments such is 
f an in r e ? ase > exce Pt when a load is being taken down 
feet m m t 3n a Reeled vehicle, on which occasion three 
0 f t ] f e 011 ground simultaneously. In the walk 
^ each on ° rS i B ^ Gre . are therefore f° ur sounds produced in 
■ or Gte series °f steps, and these four are at equal 
; ^ earl y e <iual intervals of time. 
:: n °te thaH? n ?. t0 Miss Thomson,s picture, we are pleased to 
(i 5 horse i 6 .^est authorities state that the position of her 
f air is ’ a Q Walkin »> three feet on the ground and one in the 
'' ^lifted T Ct ° ne ’. tk ? ll S b some little fault is found in the 
f *°°t) which is stated to be too much in advance. 
Pencil n S ri 16 ° f ° Ur readers S ive u s the names in English, 
with on « Gertna ^ of an y books they may be acquainted 
fo tkfl lx I tra Pping and treatment of birds, and in regard 
j est methods of caring for aviaries? 
4 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
The Exodus to the W oods. —Summer heat and vacation 
days have come! Like the flight of the locusts and grass¬ 
hoppers to green fields and pastures new, so do our angling 
friends “take to the woods.” By daily receipt of numer¬ 
ous letters, we are constantly reminded of their departure. 
With a radiant smile of joyous anticipation, they waive us 
a graceful adieu and are off, while phantoms of huge fish 
flit before their expectant eyes, and the sprites of the cas¬ 
cades and fountains woo them on. Scores of them are 
indebted to us for directing their faces towards new fields 
of pleasure, and to the same persons do we and our readers 
owe much of the extended information of attractive resorts 
that we have printed the past year. We shall miss their 
weekly contributions for a while, but are consoled that 
during their absence they are gathering fresh material for 
the delectation and instruction of our readers in the winter 
days. There is the usual brigade for the Adirondacks 
with details for the White Mountains, Umbagog, and the 
salmon rivers of Gaspe, in Canada. Small delegations go 
to the Schoodic and the Sebec lakes, in Maine, to Michi¬ 
gan for grayling, and to the Nepigon, now famous. 
Scattering parties of two and three investigate the wilds of 
Pennsylvania and West Virginia, the clear lakes of Minne¬ 
sota, the wilderness streams of Wisconsin, and the back 
lakes of Canada. A few have even gone to the rivey 
Margaree in Cape Breton, to the distant streams of Labra¬ 
dor, and to the head waters of the Saguenay, in Lower 
Canada. While a large body of unambitious, contented, 
well to. do lovers of “mine angle” are well satisfied to stow 
themselves away in quiet nooks with their families, and to 
divide their time between casual recreation and siestas. 
But there is a field still more remote than any of these, 
where only stout hearts and rough and ready natures go, 
where the vicissitudes of a single day are pregnant with 
hairbreadth escapes, and the game is as abundant and 
noble as the scenery is widespread and magnificent. 
Thither one-half of our most valued corps of writers have 
gone—Hayden, Coues, Batty, ILenshaw, Yarrow, Marsh, 
Grinned, Wheeler, Murphy, and scores of others well known 
to our readers by real name or nom deplume —and from the 
rich stores of Arizona, San Luis, and the Northern Bound¬ 
ary Survey, which they will collect, they have promised 
some modicum for Forest and Stream. 
But if there are those who “flee to the mountains,” there 
is perhaps a larger proportion who go to the sea-side; and 
all summer long the placid blue waters of the sounds and 
bays are flecked with the white canvas of cruising and com¬ 
peting yachts, and the sail boats of the fishermen; the surf 
is dotted with the bathers, and the long beaches are odor¬ 
ous with clam bakes. From these seaside resorts our 
columns are supplied weekly with no niggardly hand or 
stinted measure, and until the advent of September gales 
we shall be the fortunate recipients of their favors. Then, 
from the mountains the sojourners there can exchange 
notes with those who dwell by the sea, and a sniff of the 
salt sea-breeze shall reach the dwellers in this rarified at¬ 
mosphere of the hills; and the Forest and Stream shall 
be the winged messenger to serve as the medium of the 
interchange. 
Ah! the charms and the glories of the hills and the sea! 
They are not the portion of poor editors, always, or often. 
In vain they sigh for cool retreats, the gurgling brooks and 
breezy wildwoods, the seaward cruises, and the trolling 
along shore. 
Illinois State Sportsman’s Convention. —We are 
pleased to congratulate the field sportsmen of the great 
State of Illinois on the eminent success attending their first 
* annual convention and tournament held near Chicago. The 
special novelty and the greatest attraction of the occasion 
was the show of pointers and setters owned by gentlemen, 
members and delegates from the different clubs in the State. 
It appears from our reports furnished us by our special cor¬ 
respondent that the judging of the animals was anything 
but satisfactory, and that the judges were unable to come 
to any direct conclusion as to which dog should be awarded 
the first premium. However, the showing of dogs in 
public has now been fairly started in the State of Illinois, 
and we trust to see next year, not only a dog show held at 
tlje annual convention, but a field trial over game, which is 
by far the best and in fact the only way to judge properly 
of the characteristics of a field sportman’s dog. We 
thought that the gentlemen connected with this association 
were perfectly conversant and had been furnished with all 
necessary information regarding the judging of dogs on the 
show bench, or else we should have been only too pleased 
to send them the latest rules and regulations on awarding 
prizes for pointers and setters. 
In noticing the speech of President Le Moyne, before the 
assembled delegates, if words and emphatic language are of 
any avail as regards the protection of game and fish in his 
State, he plainly said that he believed he had the co-opera¬ 
tion of over two hundred true sportsmen who intended by 
act and deed to put an end to this wholesale slaughter of 
game and fish, and that this killing of birds in large num¬ 
bers in and out of season had been so destructive of late 
that shooting parties are now being made up in the State to 
go West. 
We kindly return our thanks to the gentlemen sportsmen 
of the Illinois State Convention for the many courtesies ex¬ 
tended by them to our special correspondent who sent us 
an immense amount of manuscript, which, owing to want 
of space, has been, we think, judiciously condensed by us; 
—Don Piatt seems destined to make Capital out of every¬ 
thing he handles. 
Not our Scalp. —In : reply to quite a number of inquiries 
in regard to the scalp advertised in the Forest and Stream 
we beg to state that it has been soli. In fact we had no 
idea that there existed such an eager demand for scalps in 
New York. The hair in question was “lifted,” (to use the 
piairie vernacular,) by a very quiet gentleman who will 
take it to England, where it will pass through the hands of 
the London anthropological society. Perhaps Sir John 
Lubbock and some of his associates, having fixed the fact 
that all the primitive, races were man-eaters, will find out 
that they were scalp-takers, too. We have had the ques¬ 
tion put to us, “Will an Indian sell a-scalp?” We have 
to reply that the gentle savage, save when drunk, cannot 
be induced to sell a scalp. Of course, should a brisk in¬ 
quiry arise for scalps, he might be induced to supply the 
market in a very indiscriminate way. Low down greasers 
and Wichita half-breeds will, however, part with these 
capillary trophies at prices ranging from $5 to $15. Scalps 
are dressed by stretching them in a hoop.^suraping the skin 
and finally smoking. The scalp advertised was remarkable 
for the length of the hair and the peculiarity of the cut, as 
it embraced the whole of the hair, witli tlie scalp lock in 
the middle, and the ears were attached. Taken as a 
curiosity, this scalp was not a pretty thing-te look ah nor 
adapted even to decorate the front window of the most sen¬ 
sational tonsorial artist on Broadway. 
A St. John correspondent sends us the following par¬ 
ticulars of Dr. Yail’s death:— 
Dr. W. E. Vail, the well known New Brunswick marksman, who was 
one of last year’s Wimbledon team from Canada, committed suicide by 
shooting himself through the head with a Government Snider-Enfield 
rifle at his office, Sussex, on Thursday evening, 4th instant. He had 
been drinking quite freely with another young man of the place, and 
while they were together he placed a cartridge in the arm, took his boot 
and sock off, laid down on his back, placed the muzzle near his left eye 
and saying: “I could shoot against any Canadian this way. Say good 
bye to my friends for me,” pulled the trigger with his toe and hiew his 
brains and pieces of the skull about the room. He wished to have been 
selected for the Wimbledon team of the present year, and as he was not, 
thcynatter preying on his mind, is supposed to have caused the rash act.' 
Truly yours, 0 g. 
THE OPENING DAY AT CREEDMOOR. 
T HERE is at least this advantage about rifle shooting, 
that it is no fair weather performance. Great events, 
such as that of the racing at Jerome Park, may present the 
by no means agreeable sight of a concourse of people, all 
with umbrellas up, and of horses splattering through the 
mud, but rain or shine the rifleman seeks Creedmoor, and 
though the day on Saturday last, the 7th of June, was most 
decidedly a disagreeable one—occasionally' foggy, at other 
times drizzly, with outbursts of a very hot . sun at inter¬ 
vals, and notwithstanding the fact that the air was all the 
time damp, muggy, and oppressive, there was a large and 
enthusiastic attendance at the range. 
Arrangements for the opening match of the season were 
fairly on time. Perhaps when matters get more smoothly 
going, directors and range committees will.be earlier on 
the ground, a and every preparation will be perfected the 
day before, so that when the hour for the match is on, the 
shooting will punctually commence. The rainy morning 
of Saturday last may perhaps, then, excuse an hour of 
delay, though if the water did come down in a first class 
shower, any act of devotion on the part of the excellent di¬ 
rectors of the National Rifle Association, as to being soaked 
when firing, would have set a shining example to all the 
members. The range was in excellent order, the grass hav¬ 
ing been neatly mown. In fact, the presence, of General 
Shaler was manifest, who may be said, like arnold soldier, 
to have literally slept on the ground for the iast week in 
order to bring out all the physical advantages of the range. 
Tents and marquees w T ere pitched, and a howitzer* with 
artillerymen, were on hand to announce by gun fire the 
opening and closing of the match. Ram or no rain, the 
long line across the firing distances was well filled, and 
here and there were officers of the regulars, General’ Ab¬ 
bott and staff being on the ground. We regret to mention 
that there were no ladies, the bad weather having kept them 
away. 
It was eleven o’clock when the Director’s Match com¬ 
menced; 200 yards; position, standing; weapon, any mili¬ 
tary rifle; rounds, five, two sighting shots. jDpen to di¬ 
rectors and honorary directors of the National Rifle Asso¬ 
ciation. Prize—Gold badge, to be shot for annually, and 
held by the winner during the year. The score was as fol¬ 
lows :— 
,, , , .oiiiup mimary. .. 
Colonel Church.New Springfield. 
General Ward.Ward Burton.... 
Score 
Tota 
3 3 3 4 4 
17 
2 3 2 3 2 
12 
3 2 3 2 2 
12 
2 2 2 2 3 
11 
3 2 2 2 2 
11 
2 3 2 2 0 
9 
2 2 2 0 2 
8 
2 2 2 2 0 
8 
0 0 0 2 0 
2 
gate with 
the new 
x o -- x«. xn cm jjiiui iiuuiutjr 
we directed attention to the excellence of this arm. We 
beg leave to state that the United States Ordinance Depart¬ 
ment is quite awake to the great progress that is being 
made in arms, and that their experimenting with various 
calibres of arms and projectiles is unceasing, and that we 
believe, as far as barrel and form of rifling are concerned 
that* (he rifle now made for the United States soldier is more 
accurate than any gun made solely under government su¬ 
pervision in the world. This assertion, we know*, is a pretty 
bold one ; but we trust before long to present such'data on 
these subjects as will surprise our readers. Taking into 
consideration that 15 is a fair average, without calling the 
score of 17 immense, it is at least quite creditable. It 
