296 
FOREST AND STREAM 
A WEEKLY JOURNAL, 
Devoted to Field and Aquatic Spokts, Practical Natural History, 
"Fish Culture, the Protection op Game,Preservation op Forests, 
and the Inculcation in Men and Women op a healthy interest 
in Out-door Recreation and Study : 
PUBLISHED Bit: 
forest md §J rem H publishing 
-AT- 
17 CHATHAM STREET, (CITY HALL SQUARE) NEW YORK, 
[Post Oppice Box 2832.1 
and 125 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 
Terms, Five Dollars a Year, Strictly in Advance. 
A discount of twenty per cent, for five copies and upwards. Any person 
sending us two subscriptions and Ten Dollars will receive a copy of 
Hallock’s “Fishing Tourist, postage free. 
Advertising Hates. 
In regular advertising columns, nonpareil type, 121ines to the inch, 25 
cents per line. Advertisements on outside page, 40 cents per line. Reading 
notices, 50 cents per line. Advertisements in double column 25 per cent, 
extra. Where advertisements are inserted over 1 month, a discount of 
10 per cent, will be made; over three months, 20 per cent; over six 
months, 30 per cent. 
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, JUNE 18, 1874. 
To Correspondents. 
All communications whatever, whether relating to business or literary 
correspondence, must be addressed to TnE Forest and Stream Pub¬ 
lishing Company. Personal or private letters of course excepted. 
All communications intended for publication must, be accompanied with 
real name, as a guaranty of good faith. Names will not be published if 
objection be made. No anonymous contributions will be regarded. 
Articles relating to any topic within the scope of this paper are solicited. 
We cannot promise to return rejected manuscripts. 
Secretaries of Clubs and Associations are urged to favor us with brief 
notes of their movements and tr. suctions, as it is the aim of this paper 
to become a medium of useful aim i enable information between gentle¬ 
men sportsmen from one end of the country to the other ; and they will 
find our columns a desirable medium for advertising announcements. 
The Publishers of Forest and Stream aim to merit and secure the 
patronage and countenance of that portion of the community whose re¬ 
fined intelligence enables them to properly appreciate and enjoy all that 
is beautiful in Nature. It will pander to no depraved tastes, nor pervert 
the legitimate sports of land and water to those base uses which always 
tend to make them unpopular with the virtuous and good. No advertise¬ 
ment or business notice of an immoral character will be received on any 
terms ; and nothing will be admitted to any department o the paper that 
may not be read with propriety in the home circle. 
We cannot be responsible for the dereliction of the mail service, if 
money remitted to us is lost. 
Advertisements should be sent in by Saturday of each week, if possible. 
CHARLES MALLOCK, Managing Editor. 
WILLIAM C. HARRIS, Business Manager. 
CALENDAR OF EVENTS FOR THE CUR¬ 
RENT wf.EK. 
Friday, June 19th. -Mystic Park, Boston.—Warwick Driving Park.N. 
Y.— Peru Trotting Park Association, Peru, N. Y.—Horse Breeder’s As¬ 
sociation, Jackson, Mich. 
Saturday, June 20th.—Amateur rifle match at Creedmoor—American 
Jockey Club, Jerome Park races, near Fordham, N. Y. 
Monday, June 22d.—Harlem regatta Association, Harlem, N. Y.— New 
York State Sportsmens’ Convention, and 5 following days. 
Tuesday, June 23.—Medina Driving Park, Medina—New York Agri¬ 
cultural Society, Lapotte, Ind. -East Saginaw Driving Park, Mich. 
We t nesday, June 24.—Beacon Park, Boston, Mass.—Medina Driving 
Park, Medina, N. Y.—Laporte Agricultural Society, Laporte, Ind.—Wa- 
verly’Park Association, Waverly, N. Y.— Jefferson County Association, 
Steubenville, Ohio—Boat race, William Scbarff and Janies Ten Eyck, at 
Peekskill, N. Y. 
Thursday, June 25th.—Medina Driving Park, Medina, N. Y.—Agri¬ 
cultural Society, Laporte, Ind.—East Saginaw Association, Mich.—Wa¬ 
verly Park Association, N. Y.—Jefferson County Association, Steuben¬ 
ville, Ohio—Atalanta Boat Club vs. Yale at Lake Saltonstall—Patapsco 
Navy regatta at Baltimore—Dorchester Yacht Club, Boston—Potomac 
Boat Club regatta, Washington, D. C. 
TO THE PUBLIC. 
Edward Moore, who was formerly connected with the Forest and 
Stream as canvassing agent, is no longer in the employ of this Company, 
his connection having ceased on the first day of May last. 
Art Notes. _One of our most attentive and earnest cor¬ 
respondents in Hartford is Mr. Tlios. S. Steele, who is fast 
becoming noted as an artist, as well as an anglei. Some 
time since we had occasion to speak in terms of high praise 
of some trout pictures of his, which, considering the fact 
that he is but an amateur, show a remarkable degree of 
talent. Whe have now before us the photographs of two 
other oil paintings of his, recently completed, which will 
not only bear criticism as works of art., but possess a pecu¬ 
liar additional interest from the fact that, one at least 
is a delineation of a monster trout from Rangeley 
Lakes, Maine, weighing six pounds, and measuring 
25-^ inches in length ! In one of the photographs, this 
fish is hung up beside the artist who is standing, and thus 
some idea of its immense proportions is conveyed. A six- 
pound trout is not much of a minnow. This same fish has 
already figured in the columns of this paper, with a record of 
its dimensions and method of capture. The Hartford papers 
make favorable mention of Mr. Steele’s paintings! 
THE TRAC K OF TH E HORSE. 
I N our last number we described the movements of the 
horse, and supplied data in regard to the intervals of 
time in raising his feet. 
An acquaintance with the track made by a horse in order 
to determine at what gait he is going, is not difficult. 
The following diagram will show how horses’ feet come 
down at the various gaits, and their position will pretty 
well indicate the speed of the animal. Soldiers following 
the trail of Indians by these tracks form an idea as to the 
probability of overtaking them, and regulate their move¬ 
ments accordingly. 
Running. 
Trotting. 
o 
O 
o 
-t-a 
Cl 
O 
o 
«H 
O 
«H 
00 
O 
o 
H-a 
o 
1—1 
o 
o' 
O 
O 
o 
W alking. 
O 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
co 
[C is a single foot mark, q) the double foot.] 
We are indebted for this simple delineation of a horse 
track, somewhat modified by us, to an excellent work en¬ 
titled “The Prairie Traveller,” by Captain Marcy, pub¬ 
lished some years ago by Messrs. Harper & Bros., and the 
utility of which we have often proved in years past to our 
eminent satisfaction. 
All the facts we have given are of exceeding interest and 
may be of practical use not only to the artist but to the 
explorer. The sequence is a strange one, which starting with 
a critique and picture in a London gallery, ends by bringing 
us on the western plains, where perhaps to-day General 
Custer with his scouts are examining just such signs on 
the yielding grass of the prairie, and tracking the savage 
to his lair. There are perhaps certain peculiarities of gait 
in animals, which require particular study. A diagram 
explanatory of the side lope of the wolf, which while going 
forward in a straight direction, holds his body aslant to the 
line of progress would be a curious one. Some dogs, too, 
have this strange movement, anu occasionally it is devel¬ 
oped in horses of peculiar breeds. 
WHAT THE ARMY AND NAVY ARE DO¬ 
ING IN ARMS AND MATERIAL. 
T HE publication of Sir Joseph Whitworth’s two books 
on guns and steel are works which must have their 
influence on the construction of all arms. The great theo¬ 
retical and practical knowledge of the author, and the long 
and arduous labors he has undertaken, ndt only in regard 
to the material to be used in arms, but as to their construc¬ 
tion, have made Sir Joseph Whitworth’s name to be con¬ 
sidered authority on these subjects. 
In the United States we are too far removed from the 
scene of English action to appreciate fully the character of 
Sir Joseph’s grievances. Efforts on the part of this great 
mechanician to induce, if not a change in the character of 
the arms used in England, at least one as to the materials 
to be employed, have apparently been rebuffed for the last 
five years. Whitworth having conclusively shown the 
enormous resisting power of steel, made by a process of 
his own, over the best cast or wrought iron used by the 
English ordnance, and having exemplified it by a series of 
the most positive experiments, he naturally cannot take 
pleasantly such an assertion as this, advanced by an Eng¬ 
lish General attached to the war dejiartment, that “he 
thought it not improbable that good cast iron would stand 
the test shown by the Whitworth steel.” Of course it 
must be intensely discouraging to a man of Whitworth’s 
known ability to have his great labors put aside by igno¬ 
rant officials, with the plea “that, they were of no official 
importance.” Experiments of this character, where a cyl¬ 
inder of Whitworth’s compressed steel remained unin¬ 
jured after forty-eight explosions, each of one and a half 
pounds (twenty-four ounces) of powder, and a cast iron 
cylinder breaking into twenty pieces after a first discharge 
of only three ounces, seem to be conclusive that the Whit¬ 
worth steel has immense advantages over all other known 
materials. Questions of material, then, have much to do, 
not only with the construction of the lieaviei arms used in 
service, but also with our sportiug guns and rifles. The 
London Times , writing of the excellence of the material 
used by Whitworth, mentions “a pair of barrels for a 
fowling piece, worked out of a solid mass of the Whit¬ 
worth metal, and polished without staining, of a strength 
which no ordinary barrels can approach, these are at the 
same time so light that they suggest the idea of aluminium 
rather than of steel, the secret of their lightness bein 
the density of the metal enables it to be reduced in^ ^ 
tity, and that the barrels are comparatively thin ” 
Whether the arm called by the inventor the Whitw 
rifle can be practically used as yet by the soldier we ° * 
doubt about. In commenting on Sir Joseph’s labors^ 's 
the very cold shoulder he has received from the En ?! 
government, we have put these facts in evidence in , 
to contrast them with the action of our own ordnance d * 
partment. * 
Naturally, our bureau of ordnance has no light, task ’ 
j order to keep up with the rapid advance made by 
| manufacturers of arms. We believe the time has m *1 
| when it was said “that the war department only usecK 
j arm when popular opinion forced it on them.” Twent^ 
j five years ago this point might have been taken. To-day w' 
J feel convinced that any such an opinion would not be meT 
I ited. The great strides made in arms by our Remingtons 
Sharps, and Ward Burtons have their influences. Ques ¬ 
tions asked by United States officers are cheerfully and in 
telligibly answered, and they seem to think that their duties 
are but partly fulfilled when they attend to the matters 
only required by the army regulations, because they appre¬ 
ciate more fully that in a country of citizen soldiers the 
ordnance should spare no pains to disseminate the infor 
mation which they acquire, so that, so to speak, their tech¬ 
nical leaven may affect the whole mass. If, then, our offi¬ 
cers, bred to the profession of arms, are influenced by the 
progress made outside of their department, on their side 
they aid us in every way by giving us proper notions of 
the peculiarities of all the system of rifles and their work¬ 
ings, and the publication of such a thorough work as 
“Ordnance Memoranda No. 15” adds immensely to our 
stock of knowledge. 
In our last review of Creedmoor we spoke of the new 
Springfield arm, and of its excellence. We append two 
targets made by this arm at the Springfield armory, which 
are very remarkable, showing the least absolute deviation 
we think, on record. 
TARGET NO. 1.—TWO FEET SQUARE, ONE INCH DIVISIONS. 
Range, 500 yards; elevation, 1 deg., 5 min., 2 sec. 
Gun, Springfield breech loader rifle musket, model 1873. 
Diameter of bore, .45. 
Length of barrel, 32.6. 
Weight, 3 lbs., 9£ oz. 
Grooves, number of, 3. 
Grooves, depth of, 0 sec., 0C5. 
Grooves, twist of, uniform, 1 turn in 22 inches. 
Ammunition, service. 
Lubricant, sperm oil, beeswax, and graphite. 
Ball, kind of, service 
Ball, diameter of, 0, 458. 
Ball, weight of, 405 grs. 
Powder, weight of, 70 grs. 
Powder, kind of, Hazard musket. 
Wind, intensity, fresh; direction, from left. 
Squares represent inches. 
NO. 1. 
One shot just out of the target, but on the edge; twenty 
shots. Mean absolute deviation, 6.16. 
TARGET NO. 2. —TWO FEET SQUARE, ONE INCH DIVISIONS. 
Range, 500 yards. 
Gnn, sample carbine, model 1873. 
Diameter of bore, 0.45. 
Length of barrel, 22. 
Weight, 2.625 lbs. 
Grooves, number of, 3. 
Grooves, depth of, uniform, 0 min., 005. 
Grooves, twist of, one turn in 22 inches. 
Ammunition, service. 
Ball, kind of, elongated service. 
Ball, diameter of, 0.458. 
Ball, weight of, 405 grs. 
Powder, weight of, 70 grs. 
Powder, kind of. Hazard, No. 4. 
Wind, intensity, stiff breeze; direction, from right and rear. 
NO. 3. 
Mean absolute deviation, 6.08. 
It will be noticed that target No. 2 was made with a rifle 
barrel twenty-two inches long. It is believed that these 
