RED-BREASTED MERGANSER. 
Mergus serrator. 
Le Harle huppé. 
Tur Red-breasted Merganser appears to be the only species of this genus which occasionally breeds with 
us, remaining the whole year in the Orkneys and about some of the inland lakes of North Britain, building 
its nest, which consists of dried bents, grass, &c., on any elevated situation, as a rocky bank near the water’s 
edge ; and laying from eight to twelve cream-coloured eggs. 
The British Islands appear to be the most southern limits of its summer abode ; but it is found in plenty 
on both continents within the arctic circle,—regions more congenial to its habits and more abundantly sup- 
plying its wants. 
Its powers of swimming and diving equal if not exceed those of the other species of this genus ; its food 
is in all respects the same, and its flesh is equally rank and disagreeable. 
The Red-breasted Merganser is one third less than the Goosander, which it resembles in its habits and 
manners, but differs from it extremely in colour. The beak is very long and slender, the sides red, separated 
by an upper line of black; the head furnished with a crest of long, slender, recurved feathers, the whole of 
which, with a third of the neck, is of a dark glossy green ; below this a broad white band encircles the neck, 
gradually losing itself in the colour of the breast, which is of a chestnut-red, longitudinally blotched with 
dashes of black. The back and tertials are of a deep glossy black. On each side of the chest, overhanging 
the shoulders, is situated a singular tuft of broad and peculiarly formed feathers, the centre of each of which 
is occupied by a large white triangular spot, surrounded with a border of black; the whole presenting a 
beautiful chequered appearance. The centre of the wing is white partly crossed with two slender bars of 
black. The quills are blackish brown. The sides and rump light grey elegantly marked with zigzag lines of 
black. Tail dark grey. The under surface of the body of a dirty white. The irides, legs, and feet, of an 
orange-red ; the webs darker. 
During the period of incubation, however, the male undergoes a considerable change in plumage, losing 
the rich glossy green of his head and neck, which degenerates into an obscure brown, and the fine chestnut 
colour of his breast entirely disappears. 
The female is rather less than the male, and exhibits in the rufous brown of the head, crest, and neck, one 
of the peculiarities of the genus. The beak and legs are duller than in the male; the back and sides are 
grey; the chest barred with obscure transverse spots ; the middle of the wings white, with a dark bar. The 
under surface of a dirty white. 
The young male of the year resembles the female in colour, but possesses the characteristic conformation 
of trachea peculiar to the males. 
We have figured an adult male and female, two thirds of the natural size. 
