280 JOHN FRASER. 



' Came '; ' came forth '; the text has still the same toe fanau, ' again 

 was brought forth.' 



Man; ' tangata/ the human race. Last to be created was man, and the 

 elements which are joined together to make up his composite being. 

 These are— anga-nga, ' the spirit/ probably from the same root as nga'e, 

 'to breathe hard'; hence the ' breath/ the ' spirit/ in the same sense as 

 the Heb. rudch, Gv. psuche, Lat. spiritus, animus, Sans. Cdman; in Samoan 

 anga-nga also means ' a disembodied spirit' — loto, the 'heart or affections, 

 not the physical heart— finagalo 'the will/ also the 'liver'; finagalo is 

 a word used only to chiefs ; finagaloa means, 'to be angry/ ' choleric' The 

 next name, masalo, properly means ' doubt/ but this appears to be a 

 secondary meaning, for ' doubt' arises from that power which enables the 

 mind to cast things to and fro in reflection, and hence to deliberate ; ma- 

 salo is therefore here taken to be ' thought/ ' the power of thought/ 

 These four Tangaloa causes to go within man's physical frame, and com- 

 bine there ; and thus man becomes ' intelligent, wise/ See also Ovid, 

 Meta. i., 1. 



In Is. xlii., 5 — the verse already quoted, — the breath and the spirit 

 (neshdmdh and rudch) are distinguished ; the one is the animal spirit or 

 life ; the other is the spirit which gives consciousness. Similarly, the 

 Melanesians and Polynesians believe that man has two spirits — the one 

 may leave him for a time when he is dreaming or in a faint ; the other 

 finally leaves his body at death. 



19. No fixture; ua leai se mea a mau ai, ' there was no thing to be fast to '; 

 ope-opea, ' they floated about.' Cf. " The earth was without form and 

 void"; cf. also Ovid, Meta, i., 1. 



An ordinance ; ' tofiga.' This word comes from the verb tofi, ' to divide 

 an inheritance/ 'to apportion a father's property among children/ 

 Tangaloa's tofiga is thus the exercise of his sovereign pleasure in allotting 

 to his children their several stations and spheres of action, as indicated 

 in the five paragraphs which follow. 



Intelligent, ' atamai.' As a verb this word means ' to understand' ; as 

 an adjective, 'clever, intelligent, sensible *; as a noun, ' the mind/ The 

 Samoan ata denotes the incorporeal shadow or spirit, as opposed to the 

 substance of a thing ; and atamai may be a derivative from it ; so also 

 the French esprit and spirituel are related. The Sanskrit dtman also 

 means ' the breath, the soul, the understanding/ and its derivative dtma- 

 vant means ' sensible/ ' self-controlled '; dtman is supposed to be derived 

 from a root ava, vd ; with which compare the Heb. hdvd ' to breathe/ 



Fatu-ma-le-'ele'ele; ' seed-stone and earth/ Fatu is a word which, in 

 various forms, is found in all Malaysia, Melanesia, and Polynesia, in the 

 the sense of ' hard/ ' anything hard,' ' the hard kernel or seed-stone of 

 fruit.' For the meaning of le-'ele'ele, see above ; but Le-'Ele'ele is here 

 regarded as a woman, who, by the ordinance (tofiga J of Tangaloa is united 

 (fa'a-tasi, ' joined/ lit. * made-one ') to Fatu, the completed man. Fatu 



