Number of containers packed annually: Number 



Cell pack, carton . . . . . 30,810 



Utility grade (jumble-pack) . . . „ 11,875 



Cull grade (jumble-pack) . 2,375 



Master cartons of bagged apples 5,000 



Cost of Labor 



Labor requirements for performing each of the packing operations were 

 determined by time study. Productive effort of the workers was measured, 

 and then adjusted to normal working levels. Also, when the skill of a worker 

 was noticeably different from the norm for the operation he was performing, 

 his recorded time was adjusted accordingly. To the time values so derived, 

 an allowance for personal requirements and fatigue was added. These allowances 

 were based on the nature of the work performed. Setting down full boxes for 

 the dumper and tending box fillers were each given a combined allowance of 

 25 percent, and all other work 15 percent. 



Combination U. S. Extra-Fancy and U. S. Fancy grade apples were packed in 

 cell cartons, with only the largest sizes being tray packed. Smaller fruit 

 was bagged, but because most of the packed apples went into cell cartons, 

 cost figures were developed for this type of pack. 



Dumping 



No physical effort was expended in removing apples from the field box 

 and distributing them on the spreader belt--this was all done mechanically. 

 But physical effort was still required in supplying full boxes to the drum 

 dumper. This task, then, became the principal responsibility of the worker. 

 When it did not occupy his time, he was free to perform other duties. 



If the boxes being dumped were from control led- atmosphere storage, the 

 worker had to remove nailed slats from the boxes, take out cardboard covers, 

 and place the boxes on the conveyor supplying the dumper. Removing a full 

 box from the load and placing it down on the conveyor supplying the dumper 

 required 0.10 man-minute per box; to remove slats and cardboard covers from 

 each box required an additional 0.29 man-minute. At a dumping rate of 

 112.5 boxes per hour (900 boxes per 8-hour day), 44 minutes of each hour were 

 devoted to removing slats and cardboard covers and placing boxes on the con- 

 veyor. This left 16 minutes, or one-fourth of the worker's time, free for 

 performing other work. 



Only 11 minutes of each hour were spent by the worker in placing full 

 boxes on the conveyor supplying the drum dumper. When boxes without slats 

 and cardboard covers were dumped, 49 minutes of every hour were left this 

 worker for other work. This was sufficient time to permit him also to operate 

 the lid nailer, bring fruit from storage, and remove loads of empty boxes 

 from the dumper. At a rate of 900 boxes dumped per day, labor for the 

 dumping operation totaled $10 per day, or 1.1 cents per box. 



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